{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:04:08Z","timestamp":1791666248794,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T20:03:01Z","timestamp":1752609781000},"page":"124286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A Novel Lumbar Disc Herniation Classification Based on Endplate Destruction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuankang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2495-7590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianwen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200002150-00016","article-title":"Low back pain in relation to lumbar disc degeneration","volume":"25","author":"Luoma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318183a4a2","article-title":"Sciatica: review of epidemiological studies and prevalence estimates","volume":"33","author":"Konstantinou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.6.656","article-title":"Expenditures and health status among adults with back and neck problems","volume":"299","author":"Martin","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5432-9","article-title":"The Global Spine Care Initiative: a summary of the global burden of low back and neck pain studies","volume":"27","author":"Hurwitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.10.002","article-title":"The Epidemiology of low back pain","volume":"24","author":"Hoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib6","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of sciatica","volume":"367","author":"Jensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215514540919","article-title":"The probability of spontaneous regression of lumbar herniated disc: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Chiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209250","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in follow-up assessment of sciatica","volume":"368","author":"el Barzouhi","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.09.062","article-title":"A 2-year outcomes and complications of various techniques of lumbar discectomy: a multicentric retrospective study","volume":"156","author":"Rajamani","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib10","article-title":"Lumbar disc herniation: comparing pain relief after medical and surgical intervention","volume":"13","author":"Abdullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-8-598","article-title":"Herniated lumbar intervertebral disk","volume":"112","author":"Deyo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/1591019918800458","article-title":"Comparing the results of intradiscal ozone injection to treat different types of intervertebral disc herniation based on MSU classification","volume":"25","author":"Hosseini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-023-04810-4","article-title":"A novel classification based on magnetic resonance imaging for individualized surgical strategies of lumbar disc herniation","volume":"143","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.14444\/8068","article-title":"Prognostic value of Michigan state university (MSU) classification for lumbar disc herniation: is it suitable for surgical selection","volume":"15","author":"d'Ercole","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-014-3674-y","article-title":"How should we grade lumbar disc herniation and nerve root compression? A systematic review","volume":"473","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815b64f5","article-title":"Progressive disc herniation: an investigation of the mechanism using radiologic, histochemical, and microscopic dissection techniques on a porcine model","volume":"32","author":"Tampier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819712a6","article-title":"Disc prolapse: evidence of reversal with repeated extension","volume":"34","author":"Scannell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.09.010","article-title":"The direction of progressive herniation in porcine spine motion segments is influenced by the orientation of the bending axis","volume":"20","author":"Aultman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198211000-00015","article-title":"Lumbar discectomy. Results with limited disc excision and selective foraminotomy","volume":"7","author":"Spengler","year":"1982","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.142.2.7054829","article-title":"Computed tomographic appearance of the bulging annulus","volume":"142","author":"Williams","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23816","article-title":"Relationship between degree of separation of endplate cartilage and severity of intervertebral disc herniation","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199318110-00009","article-title":"A pathologic study of discs in the elderly. Separation between the cartilaginous endplate and the vertebral body","volume":"18","author":"Tanaka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31829a6fa6","article-title":"ISSLS Prize winner: the anatomy of failure in lumbar disc herniation: an in vivo, multimodal, prospective study of 181 subjects","volume":"38","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199212000-00003","article-title":"The form and structure of the extruded disc","volume":"17","author":"Brock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1274-4","article-title":"MSU classification for herniated lumbar discs on MRI: toward developing objective criteria for surgical selection","volume":"19","author":"Mysliwiec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0219-4","article-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for migrated disc herniation: classification of disc migration and surgical approaches","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693976","article-title":"Vertebrae, vertebral end plates, and disks: concepts and specific pathologies","volume":"23","author":"Gersing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2007.00816.x","article-title":"Inhibition of vertebral endplate perfusion results in decreased intervertebral disc intranuclear diffusive transport","volume":"211","author":"van der Werf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2016.11.002","article-title":"Association between measures of vertebral endplate morphology and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration","volume":"68","author":"Duran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(94)90817-6","article-title":"Direct and computed tomography thickness measurements of the human, lumbar vertebral shell and endplate","volume":"15","author":"Silva","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198311000-00007","article-title":"Deformation of the vertebral end-plate under axial loading of the spine","volume":"8","author":"Brinckmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199301000-00019","article-title":"End-plate displacement during compression of lumbar vertebra-disc-vertebra segments and the mechanism of failure","volume":"18","author":"Holmes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04090-z","article-title":"Comparative analysis of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy for highly downward-migrated disc herniation","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-03688-7","article-title":"Independent reliability and availability analyses of modified classification for migrated lumbar disc herniation","volume":"18","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11071750","article-title":"A new grading system for migrated lumbar disc herniation on sagittal magnetic resonance imaging: an agreement study","volume":"11","author":"Ahn","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib36","first-page":"95","article-title":"[Lumbar disc herniation]","volume":"72","author":"Nowakowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00194188","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the lumbar herniated intervertebral disc","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3399-3","article-title":"Significance of cartilage endplate within herniated disc tissue","volume":"23","author":"Lama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jsp2.1123","article-title":"Vascularization of the human intervertebral disc: a scoping review","volume":"3","author":"Fournier","year":"2020","journal-title":"JOR Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0645-6","article-title":"Pharmacological enhancement of disc diffusion and differentiation of healthy, ageing and degenerated discs: results from in-vivo serial post-contrast MRI studies in 365 human lumbar discs","volume":"17","author":"Rajasekaran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000133645.94159.64","article-title":"Clinical symptoms in lumbar disc herniations and their correlation to the histological composition of the extruded disc material","volume":"29","author":"Willburger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231761.73859.2c","article-title":"What is intervertebral disc degeneration, and what causes it","volume":"31","author":"Adams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53486-6.00032-6","article-title":"Functional anatomy of the spine","volume":"136","author":"Bogduk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.08.019","article-title":"Regional variation in vertebral bone morphology and its contribution to vertebral fracture strength","volume":"41","author":"Hulme","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01834064","article-title":"Does the thickness of the vertebral subchondral bone reflect the composition of the intervertebral disc","volume":"6","author":"Roberts","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568220905849","article-title":"Caudal lumbar disc herniations are more likely to require surgery for symptom resolution","volume":"11","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-018-4247-6","article-title":"Current concepts for lumbar disc herniation","volume":"43","author":"Benzakour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21213","article-title":"Nerve root to lumbar disc relationships at the intervertebral foramen from a surgical viewpoint: an anatomical study","volume":"25","author":"Arslan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-5900(03)00559-5","article-title":"Altering gender role expectations: effects on pain tolerance, pain threshold, and pain ratings","volume":"4","author":"Robinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217745063","article-title":"Recurrent lumbar disc herniation: a review","volume":"9","author":"Shepard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib51","article-title":"Factors related to the postoperative recurrence of lumbar disc herniation treated by percutaneous transforaminal endoscopy: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/AS9.0000000000000423","article-title":"Clinical applications of machine learning","volume":"5","author":"Mateussi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Surg Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-025-07541-x","article-title":"Machine learning is changing osteoporosis detection: an integrative review","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875025006424?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875025006424?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:43:22Z","timestamp":1758069802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875025006424"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S1878875025006424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Novel Lumbar Disc Herniation Classification Based on Endplate Destruction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124286","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124286"}}