{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T06:02:44Z","timestamp":1779775364432,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T07:32:24Z","timestamp":1755243144000},"page":"124385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Synovial Cyst of Thoracic Spine: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-4543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabin","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7997-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jangbo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Oya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7152-8473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirill V.","family":"Nourski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Matthew A.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3144-1306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick W.","family":"Hitchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI\/2008\/8\/5\/473","article-title":"Multilevel bilateral calcified thoracic spinal synovial cysts","volume":"8","author":"Almefty","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2025.108806","article-title":"Spinal synovial cyst: a retrospective analysis of 204 cases","volume":"250","author":"Shrestha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.12.SPINE16756","article-title":"Synovial cysts of the spine: long-term follow-up after surgical treatment of 141 cases in a single-center series and comprehensive literature review of 2900 degenerative spinal cysts","volume":"27","author":"Bruder","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.04.010","article-title":"Recurrent back and leg pain and cyst reformation after surgical resection of spinal synovial cysts: systematic review of reported postoperative outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Bydon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2004.1.1.0052","article-title":"Synovial cysts of the thoracic spine","volume":"1","author":"Cohen-Gadol","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2019.03.002","article-title":"Bilateral synovial cyst of the thoracic spine causing paraparesis","volume":"65","author":"Giovannini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib7","article-title":"A rare T2-T3 synovial facet cyst causing progressive myelopathy","volume":"2021","author":"Albana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.3.FOCUS1385","article-title":"Synovial cysts of the cervicothoracic junction causing myelopathy: report of 3 cases and review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Bisson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_88_2023","article-title":"Synovial cysts at the cervicothoracic junction: illustrative series of three cases","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib10","first-page":"491","article-title":"Lumbar spine synovial cyst: a case series report and review of surgical strategies","volume":"58","author":"Splavski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Clin Croat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2015.05.028","article-title":"Incomplete resection of lumbar synovial cysts \u2013 evaluating the risk of recurrence","volume":"136","author":"Scholz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198901000-00008","article-title":"Surgical treatment of metastatic tumors of the spine","volume":"14","author":"Manabe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s001150050155","article-title":"[Juxta-facet cysts as space-occupying intraspinal processes]","volume":"68","author":"Antoniadis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib14","first-page":"562","article-title":"Synovial cyst of the midthoracic spine","volume":"12","author":"Awward","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.76880","article-title":"Ganglion cyst of thoracolumbar region","volume":"59","author":"Civelek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2009.06.004","article-title":"Thoracic juxtafacet cyst (JFC) as a rare cause of myelopathy--an additional reference to support the instability theory","volume":"77","author":"Daentzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.14245\/kjs.2015.12.3.193","article-title":"Rare thoracolumbar facet synovial cyst presenting as paraparesis","volume":"12","author":"Dahuja","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Spine"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib18","article-title":"Thoracic synovial cyst as cause of cord compression in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease","volume":"94","author":"De Mauro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(93)90005-L","article-title":"Bilateral synovial cysts of the thoracic spine: a case report","volume":"39","author":"Doherty","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199402001-00023","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of a thoracic intraspinal synovial cyst","volume":"19","author":"Fritz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E392","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200109010-00024","article-title":"Myelopathy induced by a thoracic intraspinal synovial cyst: case report and review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Graham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199411000-00020","article-title":"Extradural synovial thoracic cyst","volume":"19","author":"Hodges","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(87)90139-X","article-title":"Bilateral symptomatic intraspinal T12-L1 synovial cysts","volume":"28","author":"Holtzman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2017.06.12","article-title":"Thoracic juxtafacet cyst (JFC): a cause of spinal myelopathy","volume":"3","author":"Janjua","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2013.53.5.309","article-title":"Bilateral thoracic ganglion cyst : a rare case report","volume":"53","author":"Kazanci","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.2019-0043","article-title":"A crescent-shaped juxtafacet cyst as a rare cause of high thoracic myelopathy with partial brown-s\u00e9quard's syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Kida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine Surg Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.19.00627","article-title":"Rapid neurologic deterioration due to an enlarging thoracic spine synovial cyst: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Lambrechts","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBJS Case Connect"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.M.00157","article-title":"Thoracic extradural intraspinal synovial cyst causing progressive myelopathy: a case report","volume":"4","author":"Longhofer","year":"2014","journal-title":"JBJS Case Connect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(92)90018-I","article-title":"Compression of thoracic nerve root by a facet joint synovial cyst: case report","volume":"38","author":"Lopes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200006150-00022","article-title":"Acute traumatic myelopathy secondary to a thoracic cyst in a professional football player","volume":"25","author":"Lynn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2021.1938034","article-title":"Mid thoracic intra-spinal facet cyst with lumbar canal stenosis: a rare 'double crush","volume":"133","author":"Mallepally","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E199","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318198c64d","article-title":"Synovial cyst of the thoracic spine causing myelopathy","volume":"34","author":"Merkle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2007000500021","article-title":"Synovial cyst of the thoracic spine: case report","volume":"65","author":"Oliveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.127134","article-title":"Neurological picture. An unusual cause of cord compression: synovial cyst of the thoracic spine","volume":"79","author":"Pratesi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2010.08.005","article-title":"[Giant thoracolumbar synovial cyst: case report]","volume":"57","author":"Pruvot-Occ\u00e9an","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib36","article-title":"Upper thoracic spine synovial cyst resulting in paraplegia following transient hypotension","volume":"12","author":"Schmidt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_352_2019","article-title":"Missed thoracic myelopathy: do not throw the hammer away yet","volume":"10","author":"Shields","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2011.591853","article-title":"Haemorrhagic synovial cyst presenting as thoracic cord compression: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Sobowale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib39","article-title":"Thoracic synovial cyst at the Th2-3 level causing myelopathy","volume":"2017","author":"Sundskar\u00f0","year":"2017","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_804_2022","article-title":"Thoracic synovial cyst in patient with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis","volume":"13","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.08.096","article-title":"Sudden onset of paraparesis caused by a hemorrhagic thoracic synovial cyst","volume":"132","author":"Tompkins","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2021.07.007","article-title":"Surgical management of facet cysts in the thoracic spine: radiological manifestations and results of fenestration","volume":"27","author":"Kusakabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib43","first-page":"989","article-title":"Experience with symptomatic spinal epidural cysts","volume":"34","author":"Freidberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib44","first-page":"193","article-title":"Intraspinal synovial cysts: 10-year experience at the Ochsner clinic","volume":"91","author":"Howington","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0287-5","article-title":"\u201cJuxtafacet cysts\u201d, a misleading name for cystic formations of mobile spine (CYFMOS)","volume":"16","author":"Christophis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200004150-00012","article-title":"Cervical and thoracic juxtafacet cysts causing neurologic deficits","volume":"25","author":"Stoodley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib47","first-page":"211","article-title":"Management of spinal synovial cysts","volume":"18","author":"Kahilo\u011fullari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Turk Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.24700","article-title":"Intraspinal synovial cysts: a retrospective study","volume":"54","author":"Acharya","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.2176\/nmccrj.cr.2020-0170","article-title":"A case report of possible thoracic interdural ganglion cyst","volume":"8","author":"Sakurai","year":"2021","journal-title":"NMC Case Rep J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1080\/02688697.2020.1834507","article-title":"Inter-dural spinal cyst with acute thoracic compressive myelopathy: anatomical aspects of spinal dura, case report and literature review","volume":"37","author":"Ghimire","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84724-6","article-title":"Prevalence of spine degeneration diagnosis by type, age, gender, and obesity using medicare data","volume":"11","author":"Parenteau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000902","article-title":"Association between menopause and lumbar disc degeneration: an MRI study of 1,566 women and 1,382 men","volume":"24","author":"Lou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2016.04.06","article-title":"Increased low back pain prevalence in females than in males after menopause age: evidences based on synthetic literature review","volume":"6","author":"W\u00e1ng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2016.05.012","article-title":"Menopause as a potential cause for higher prevalence of low back pain in women than in age-matched men","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200005000-00003","article-title":"Thoracic disk disease: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Vanichkachorn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.0888","article-title":"The impact of age on mortality, impairment, and disability among adults with acute traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"26","author":"Furlan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101489","article-title":"Effects on age on spinal cord lesion patients' rehabilitation","volume":"41","author":"Scivoletto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875025007417?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875025007417?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T05:07:49Z","timestamp":1779772069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875025007417"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S1878875025007417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Synovial Cyst of Thoracic Spine: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124385","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124385"}}