{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:10:16Z","timestamp":1793722216574,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82072797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82072797"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T07:58:10Z","timestamp":1759996690000},"page":"124548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hormonal Influences on Cognitive Function in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Jialin","family":"Ku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhao","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2699-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac202","article-title":"CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2015-2019","volume":"24","author":"Ostrom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1534635","article-title":"The impact of pituitary adenomas on cognitive performance: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Young","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.5444","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas: a review","volume":"329","author":"Tritos","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2020.06.007","article-title":"Cognitive impairment evaluation and management","volume":"104","author":"McCollum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15453","article-title":"Mammillary body abnormalities and cognitive outcomes in children cooled for neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"65","author":"Spencer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23709","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of amygdalohippocampal interconnections and their role in learning and memory","volume":"95","author":"McDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01128-w","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex interactions with the amygdala in primates","volume":"47","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5152\/alphapsychiatry.2023.221007","article-title":"Quality of life in people with subjective cognitive decline","volume":"24","author":"Pavel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alpha Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000169","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with hypopituitarism","volume":"22","author":"Crespo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-011-0350-z","article-title":"Volumetric classification of pituitary macroadenomas predicts outcome and morbidity following endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"15","author":"Hofstetter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1476909","article-title":"Cognitive synaptopathy: synaptic and dendritic spine dysfunction in age-related cognitive disorders","volume":"16","author":"Barrantes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059420922744","article-title":"A longitudinal, prospective study to evaluate the effects of treatment on the inhibitory control function after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas","volume":"52","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib13","first-page":"255","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and psychopathology in patients with pituitary diseases","volume":"70","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\"Mini-mental state\". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib15","first-page":"1991","article-title":"The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"67","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.656255","article-title":"Improvement in attention processing after surgical treatment in functional pituitary adenomas: evidence from ERP study","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35867","article-title":"Impact of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma on limbic system and its correlation with cognitive impairment","volume":"10","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.12.006","article-title":"A visually-induced optogenetically-engineered system enables autonomous glucose homeostasis in mice","volume":"378","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346653","article-title":"Growth hormone\/insulin-like growth factor I axis in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"33","author":"Gasperi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112441","article-title":"Neurotrophic and neuroregenerative effects of GH\/IGF1","volume":"18","author":"Bianchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2014.10.002","article-title":"Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and the aging brain","volume":"68","author":"Ashpole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00096-w","article-title":"The enigmatic role of growth hormone in age-related diseases, cognition, and longevity","volume":"41","author":"Colon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-22-0263","article-title":"Global psychological assessment with the evaluation of life and sleep quality and sexual and cognitive function in a large number of patients with acromegaly: a cross-sectional study","volume":"187","author":"Pivonello","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-011-0326-z","article-title":"Cognitive function in acromegaly: description and brain volumetric correlates","volume":"15","author":"Sievers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4367","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0394","article-title":"Evidence of cognitive and neurophysiological impairment in patients with untreated naive acromegaly","volume":"95","author":"Leon-Carrion","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib26","article-title":"In vivo characterization of cortical and white matter microstructural pathology in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00437","article-title":"The endothelium in acromegaly","volume":"10","author":"Maffei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.948971","article-title":"Presence of cerebral microbleeds is associated with cognitive decline in acromegaly","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2022.101496","article-title":"Do neurosteroids have impact on depression and cognitive functions in cases with acromegaly?","volume":"66","author":"Hatipoglu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2021.101439","article-title":"Personality traits in acromegalic patients: Comparison with patients with non-functioning adenomas and healthy controls","volume":"62","author":"Kan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(95)00050-X","article-title":"Cognitive impairments and mood disturbances in growth hormone deficient men","volume":"21","author":"Deijen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2008.05.002","article-title":"Evaluation of cognitive performance by using P300 auditory event related potentials (ERPs) in patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency and acromegaly","volume":"19","author":"Tanriverdi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib33","first-page":"e27","article-title":"Subclinical acromegaly due to a pituitary cystic somatotroph adenoma","volume":"5","author":"Mora","year":"2019","journal-title":"AACE Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1159\/000448519","article-title":"Body image perception in acromegaly is not associated with objective acromegalic changes but depends on depressive symptoms","volume":"105","author":"Dimopoulou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0826","article-title":"Lack of delayed neurocognitive side effects of Gamma knife radiosurgery in acromegaly: the Later-Ac study","volume":"186","author":"Castinetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0722-y","article-title":"Evaluation of depressive mood and cognitive functions in patients with acromegaly under somatostatin analogue therapy","volume":"40","author":"Alibas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2012.02721.x","article-title":"Effects of previous growth hormone excess and current medical treatment for acromegaly on cognition","volume":"42","author":"Brummelman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ghir.2025.101650","article-title":"Impact of disease activity on cognitive and psychological outcomes in acromegaly: a prospective study","volume":"81","author":"Uysal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Growth Horm IGF Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02549-4","article-title":"Multidimensional geriatric evaluation in acromegaly: a comparative cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2020.1768456","article-title":"The impact of functional exercise on the reversal of acromegaly induced frailty: a case report","volume":"38","author":"Hergott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiother Theor Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acaa106","article-title":"Cognitive functioning and cortical brain thickness in acromegaly patients: a pilot study","volume":"36","author":"Garc\u00eda-Casares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03346555","article-title":"Short- and long-term changes of quality of life in patients with acromegaly: results from a prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Sardella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.01.027","article-title":"Executive functions recover earlier than episodic memory after microsurgical transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors in adult patients--a longitudinal study","volume":"18","author":"Psaras","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00380","article-title":"The effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on acromegalics after a 9-Month Follow-Up","volume":"10","author":"Kunzler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0887-1","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy improves the quality of life of patients with acromegaly","volume":"21","author":"Kunzler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13331","article-title":"Impaired quality of life in patients with treated acromegaly despite long-term biochemically stable disease: results from a 5-years prospective study","volume":"86","author":"Kyriakakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2011.01301.x","article-title":"Psychotherapy as an epigenetic 'drug': psychiatric therapeutics target symptoms linked to malfunctioning brain circuits with psychotherapy as well as with drugs","volume":"37","author":"Stahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060041","article-title":"Neurocognitive function in acromegaly after surgical resection of GH-secreting Adenoma versus na\u00efve acromegaly","volume":"8","author":"Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13381","article-title":"Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis in patients with short-term remission of Cushing's disease","volume":"87","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2019.108457","article-title":"Reversible and the irreversible structural alterations on brain after resolution of hypercortisolism in Cushing's disease","volume":"151","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2032","article-title":"Subtle cognitive impairments in patients with long-term cure of Cushing's disease","volume":"95","author":"Tiemensma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00170","article-title":"Response activation and inhibition in patients with prolactinomas: an electrophysiological study","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib143","article-title":"Reversal of severe cognitive impairment following medical treatment of cystic invasive giant prolactinoma","volume":"2016","author":"Bukowczan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.25259\/JNRP_66_2024","article-title":"Reversible dementia in a case of functional gonadotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma: different shades of gray","volume":"15","author":"Singha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26331-7","article-title":"Attention and working memory in patients with prolactinomas: a case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Bala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000199","article-title":"Improvement in cognitive abilities following cabergoline treatment in patients with a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma","volume":"33","author":"Montalvo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.01.005","article-title":"The effects of growth hormone (GH) deficiency and GH replacement on cognitive performance in adults: a meta-analysis of the current literature","volume":"31","author":"Falleti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02346","article-title":"Effects of GH on cognitive function in elderly patients with adult-onset GH deficiency: a placebo-controlled 12-month study","volume":"156","author":"Sathiavageeswaran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220302","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism and cognitive impairment","volume":"88","author":"Pyun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-02023-7","article-title":"Thyroid hormone therapy for hypothyroidism","volume":"66","author":"Biondi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1500153","article-title":"Utility of P300 auditory event related potential latency in detecting cognitive dysfunction in growth hormone (GH) deficient patients with Sheehan's syndrome and effects of GH replacement therapy","volume":"150","author":"Golgeli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91485-J","article-title":"Characterization of putative growth hormone receptors in human choroid plexus","volume":"546","author":"Lai","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1996.617439.x","article-title":"Growth hormone treatment affects brain neurotransmitters and thyroxine [see comment]","volume":"44","author":"Burman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200312002-00007","article-title":"The role of dopamine in cognition: evidence from functional imaging studies","volume":"16","author":"Remy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(02)00065-9","article-title":"Functional imaging studies of dopamine system and cognition in normal aging and Parkinson's disease","volume":"26","author":"Kaasinen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00261","article-title":"Disrupting IGF signaling in adult mice conditions leanness, resilient energy metabolism, and high growth hormone pulses","volume":"158","author":"Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.12.913","article-title":"A novel mutation in a patient with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) deficiency","volume":"40","author":"Bonapace","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4551","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.12.7033","article-title":"A prospective study on circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding proteins, and cognitive function in the elderly","volume":"85","author":"Kalmijn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70607","article-title":"Metabolic factors related to interpersonal dysfunction in acromegaly: a nationwide cross-sectional study in China","volume":"31","author":"Tagilapalli","year":"2025","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2018.1456526","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor-mediated control of genomic responses to stress in the brain","volume":"21","author":"Mifsud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib61","first-page":"269","article-title":"Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease","volume":"19","author":"De Kloet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2647","article-title":"Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses","volume":"10","author":"Ulrich-Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2011.586446","article-title":"Mechanisms of rapid glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis","volume":"14","author":"Tasker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-198102000-00002","article-title":"Depressed mood and other psychiatric manifestations of Cushing's syndrome: relationship to hormone levels","volume":"43","author":"Starkman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00129","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric disorders in Cushing's syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Pivonello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20130944","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive dysfunction in patients with Cushing's disease","volume":"126","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13466","article-title":"Cognitive decline in Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Katragadda","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.04.131","article-title":"Effect of hormone levels and aging on cognitive function of patients with pituitary adenomas prior to medical treatment","volume":"128","author":"Kan","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2008.02.010","article-title":"Chronic mild stress impairs cognition in mice: from brain homeostasis to behavior","volume":"82","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4064370","article-title":"Neuropsychological and emotional functioning in patients with Cushing's syndrome","volume":"2020","author":"Na","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.4183\/aeb.2019.482","article-title":"Are there reliable predictors for the impaired quality of life in patients with CUSHING'S syndrome?","volume":"15","author":"Nankova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Buchar)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000414","article-title":"Structural brain abnormalities in Cushing's syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Bauduin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_162_20","article-title":"Neurocognitive functions and brain volume in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome before and after curative surgery","volume":"24","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.10.JNS191400","article-title":"Reversibility of impaired brain structures after transsphenoidal surgery in Cushing's disease: a longitudinal study based on an artificial intelligence-assisted tool","volume":"134","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-019-02223-y","article-title":"Dysregulation of resting-state functional connectivity in patients with Cushing's disease","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.38","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity in patients with long-term remission of cushing's disease","volume":"40","author":"Van der Werff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/4393169","article-title":"Comparative analysis of cognitive and psychiatric functioning in people with cushing's disease in biochemical remission and people with nonfunctioning adenomas","volume":"2024","author":"Fernandes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1163482","article-title":"Functional brain alterations in Cushing's syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Papakokkinou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.10.015","article-title":"How the brain connects in response to acute stress: a review at the human brain systems level","volume":"83","author":"Van Oort","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2021.100414","article-title":"A voxel-level brain-wide association study of cortisol at 8 a.m.: evidence from Cushing's disease","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2507","article-title":"Altered hippocampal volume and functional connectivity in patients with Cushing's disease","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02615-y","article-title":"Dynamic functional connectivity changes associated with psychiatric traits and cognitive deficits in Cushing's disease","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib85","first-page":"865","article-title":"Multiscale analysis reveals hippocampal subfield vulnerabilities to chronic cortisol overexposure: evidence from cushing's disease","volume":"10","author":"Shang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1159\/000534789","article-title":"Reversibility of impaired large-scale functional brain networks in cushing's disease after surgery treatment: a longitudinal study","volume":"114","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0028","article-title":"Elevated resting-state connectivity in the medial temporal lobe and the prefrontal cortex among patients with Cushing's syndrome in remission","volume":"180","author":"Stomby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12224","article-title":"Hippocampal dysfunction in cured Cushing's syndrome patients, detected by (1) H-MR-spectroscopy","volume":"79","author":"Resmini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1803","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1906","article-title":"Common genetic variants in the glucocorticoid receptor and the 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 genes influence long-term cognitive impairments in patients with Cushing's syndrome in remission","volume":"99","author":"Ragnarsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1640","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1945","article-title":"Long-term cognitive impairments and attentional deficits in patients with Cushing's disease and cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma in remission","volume":"97","author":"Ragnarsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0401-4","article-title":"Improvement in cognitive impairment following the successful treatment of endogenous Cushing's syndrome-a case report and literature review","volume":"19","author":"Brzozowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.4183\/aeb.2019.482","article-title":"Are there reliable predictors for the impaired quality of life in patients with Cushing's syndrome?","volume":"15","author":"Nankova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Buchar)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14611","article-title":"Younger age and early puberty are associated with cognitive function decline in children with cushing disease","volume":"96","author":"Keil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.FOCUS2044","article-title":"Development and validation of the disease-specific QOL-CD quality of life questionnaire for patients with Cushing's disease","volume":"48","author":"Cusimano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00345.x","article-title":"Testosterone-mediated neuroprotection through the androgen receptor in human primary neurons","volume":"77","author":"Hammond","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(02)00166-3","article-title":"The neuroprotective effects of estrogen on the aging brain","volume":"38","author":"Norbury","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2009.04.015","article-title":"Protective actions of sex steroid hormones in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"30","author":"Pike","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2011.12.001","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of estrogens and androgens in CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"33","author":"Spence","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2016.03.002","article-title":"Sex hormones and adult hippocampal neurogenesis: regulation, implications, and potential mechanisms","volume":"41","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(96)80081-X","article-title":"Sex, sexual orientation and sex hormones influence human cognitive function","volume":"6","author":"Kimura","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1504","article-title":"Minireview: sex differences in adult and developing brains: compensation, compensation, compensation","volume":"145","author":"De Vries","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00037","article-title":"Sex hormones affect neurotransmitters and shape the adult female brain during hormonal transition periods","volume":"9","author":"Barth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0435-3","article-title":"The cycling brain: menstrual cycle related fluctuations in hippocampal and fronto-striatal activation and connectivity during cognitive tasks","volume":"44","author":"Pletzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.1124708","article-title":"Progesterone regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity in rodent hippocampus","volume":"15","author":"Foy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/400_2007_038","article-title":"The role of GABA(B) receptors in the regulation of excitatory neurotransmission","volume":"44","author":"Marshall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Results Probl Cell Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.03.051","article-title":"Frequency-dependent alterations in regional homogeneity associated with puberty hormones in girls with central precocious puberty: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"332","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.12.010","article-title":"Endogenous sex hormones and cognitive function in older women","volume":"12","author":"Koyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.09.046","article-title":"Regional sex differences in grey matter volume are associated with sex hormones in the young adult human brain","volume":"49","author":"Witte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5633","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22575","article-title":"The role of testosterone and estradiol in brain volume changes across adolescence: a longitudinal structural MRI study","volume":"35","author":"Herting","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.10.004","article-title":"Endogenous sex hormone levels and risk of cognitive decline in an older biracial cohort","volume":"28","author":"Yaffe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04727-6","article-title":"Sex steroid and cognitive function among community-dwelling older men with or without vascular risk factors: a cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2022.113825","article-title":"Reproductive hormone levels, androgen receptor CAG repeat length and their longitudinal relationships with decline in cognitive subdomains in men: the European Male ageing study","volume":"252","author":"Overman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.05.010","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone as a key player in the cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"76","author":"Burnham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.5.8477671","article-title":"Novel expression of human chorionic gonadotropin\/luteinizing hormone receptor gene in brain","volume":"132","author":"Lei","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.06.020","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone: evidence for direct action in the CNS","volume":"76","author":"Blair","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12706","article-title":"Down-regulation of serum gonadotropins but not estrogen replacement improves cognition in aged-ovariectomized 3xTg AD female mice","volume":"130","author":"Palm","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2023.12.007","article-title":"Downregulation of peripheral luteinizing hormone rescues ovariectomy-associated cognitive deficits in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"135","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2019.104590","article-title":"Reducing luteinizing hormone levels after ovariectomy improves spatial memory: possible role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"118","author":"Bohm-Levine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-113-2-632","article-title":"Prolactin suppresses luteinizing hormone secretion and pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone by a direct action at the anterior pituitary","volume":"113","author":"Cheung","year":"1983","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(86)90100-4","article-title":"A relationship between gonadotropins and visuospatial function","volume":"24","author":"Gordon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.05.025","article-title":"HPG-Axis hormones during puberty: a study on the association with hypothalamic and pituitary volumes","volume":"35","author":"Peper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2019.01082","article-title":"Effectiveness of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for gonadotroph adenoma mimicking dementia: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Morinaga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intractable Rare Dis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib125","article-title":"Impaired neuropsychological functioning in patients with hypopituitarism","volume":"4","author":"Slagboom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-023-09869-3","article-title":"Cognition and psychological wellbeing in hypopituitary patients","volume":"25","author":"Imran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-007-0083-1","article-title":"Mortality following pituitary radiotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Ayuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.007","article-title":"Role of prolactin in B cell regulation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"269","author":"Correale","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.2.871","article-title":"Biology of oligodendrocyte and myelin in the mammalian central nervous system","volume":"81","author":"Baumann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.02.011","article-title":"Prolactin mediates neuroprotection against excitotoxicity in primary cell cultures of hippocampal neurons via its receptor","volume":"1636","author":"Vergara-Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002252","article-title":"Cognitive functioning of patients with a PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma: a preliminary report","volume":"86","author":"Bala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142745","article-title":"Wired for reproduction: organization and development of sexually dimorphic circuits in the mammalian forebrain","volume":"25","author":"Simerly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00742","article-title":"Cognitive function and serum hormone levels are associated with gray matter volume decline in female patients with prolactinomas","volume":"8","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30379-0","article-title":"Oestrogens, prolactin, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and schizophrenic psychoses","volume":"4","author":"Riecher-R\u00f6ssler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.04.034","article-title":"Left posterior hippocampal density reduction using VBM and stereological MRI procedures in schizophrenia","volume":"96","author":"Rametti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116720","article-title":"Hormone levels are related to functional compensation in prolactinomas: a resting-state fMRI study","volume":"411","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102455","article-title":"Theta oscillations in prolactinomas: neurocognitive deficits in executive controls","volume":"28","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.638851","article-title":"Altered connectivity of the frontoparietal network during attention processing in prolactinomas","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12081091","article-title":"Hyperprolactinemia associated with attentional processing and interference control impairments in patients with prolactinomas","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib144","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Impulse control disorders in hyperprolactinemic patients on dopamine agonist therapy","volume":"23","author":"Hamidianjahromi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-024-09909-6","article-title":"Drug induced hypoprolactinemia","volume":"25","author":"Ioachimescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-024-09900-1","article-title":"Could low prolactin levels after radiotherapy predict the onset of hypopituitarism?","volume":"25","author":"Mele","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-024-01393-0","article-title":"The diagnosis and prevalence of hypoprolactinemia in patients with panhypopituitarism and the effects on depression and sexual functions","volume":"27","author":"Uzun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-024-09921-w","article-title":"Hypoprolactinemia, a neglected endocrine disorder","volume":"25","author":"Kelestimur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2980-z","article-title":"The impact on cognitive functions of patients with pituitary adenoma before and after surgery","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.4.362","article-title":"Noise stress impairs prefrontal cortical cognitive function in monkeys: evidence for a hyperdopaminergic mechanism","volume":"55","author":"Arnsten","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03087-1","article-title":"A neuronal mechanism underlying decision-making deficits during hyperdopaminergic states","volume":"9","author":"Verharen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.062","article-title":"Influence of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis reactivation and corresponding surging sex hormones on the amplitude of low-frequency oscillations in early pubertal girls: a resting state fMRI study","volume":"256","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-019-00854-w","article-title":"Targeting hormones for improving cognition in major mood disorders and schizophrenia: thyroid hormones and prolactin","volume":"40","author":"Tost","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.110027","article-title":"Association of altered thyroid hormones and neurometabolism to cognitive dysfunction in unmedicated bipolar II depression","volume":"105","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4085","article-title":"Antiglucocorticoid therapy for older adults with anxiety and co-occurring cognitive dysfunction: results from a pilot study with mifepristone","volume":"29","author":"Lenze","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.07.014","article-title":"Cognitive effects of mifepristone in overweight, euthymic adults with depressive disorders","volume":"239","author":"Roat-Shumway","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.04.012","article-title":"Targeting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones and sex steroids for improving cognition in major mood disorders and schizophrenia: a systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"93","author":"Soria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1159\/000521650","article-title":"Thyroid disorders and development of cognitive impairment: a review study","volume":"112","author":"Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12948","article-title":"The relation between thyroid dysregulation and impaired cognition\/behaviour: an integrative review","volume":"33","author":"Eslami-Amirabadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/ETJ-24-0406","article-title":"The impact of autoimmune thyroid disease on cognitive and psychiatric disorders: focus on clinical, pre-clinical and molecular studies","volume":"14","author":"Piekie\u0142ko-Witkowska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2020.0182","article-title":"Association between thyroid hormones, apolipoprotein E, and cognitive function among cognitively-normal elderly dwellers","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3385","article-title":"Lower-but-normal serum TSH level is associated with the development or progression of cognitive impairment in elderly: Korean longitudinal Study on health and Aging (KLoSHA)","volume":"99","author":"Moon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49285-w","article-title":"Low levels of free triiodothyronine are associated with risk of cognitive impairment in older euthyroid adults","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2230","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2108","article-title":"Higher free thyroxine levels predict increased incidence of dementia in older men: the health in men study","volume":"97","author":"Yeap","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.09.034","article-title":"The reduced serum free triiodothyronine and increased dorsal hippocampal SNAP-25 and Munc18-1 had existed in middle-aged CD-1 mice with mild spatial cognitive impairment","volume":"1540","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0239-24.2024","article-title":"Associations between Thyroid Hormones and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.7.GKS181595","article-title":"Neurocognitive changes in pituitary adenoma patients after Gamma knife radiosurgery","volume":"129","author":"Tooze","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324902","article-title":"Hypopituitarism in the elderly: two case-reports with heterogeneous presentation","volume":"21","author":"Foppiani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.892880","article-title":"Functional status of thyroid and cognitive functions after menopause","volume":"21","author":"Bojar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609810801010042","article-title":"Hypopituitarism in the elderly: multifaceted clinical and biochemical presentation","volume":"1","author":"Foppiani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Aging Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-025-04298-5","article-title":"Long-term surgical outcomes in TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas: the hidden burden of asymptomatic hyperthyroidism","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1159\/000328513","article-title":"Experimentally induced hyperthyroidism disrupts hippocampal long-term potentiation in adult rats","volume":"94","author":"Ta\u015fk\u0131n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.641560","article-title":"Levothyroxine therapy in elderly patients with hypothyroidism","volume":"12","author":"Effraimidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875025009064?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875025009064?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:11:23Z","timestamp":1780722683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875025009064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":175,"alternative-id":["S1878875025009064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hormonal Influences on Cognitive Function in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124548","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124548"}}