{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:01:43Z","timestamp":1784671303503,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T13:52:54Z","timestamp":1769089974000},"page":"124828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pseudarthrosis After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: An Infectious Source Might be Suspected"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3659-291X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aymeric","family":"Amelot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Edouard","family":"Loret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Le Brun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7372-6361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Lacasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Lioret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien","family":"Simonneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mourad","family":"Aggad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Fran\u00e7ois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilyess","family":"Zemmoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Dufour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis-Marie","family":"Terrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yacine","family":"El Yaagoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.01.021","article-title":"Treatment of multilevel cervical fusion with cages","volume":"62","author":"Cho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2016.10.4.776","article-title":"Pseudarthrosis of the cervical spine: risk factors, diagnosis and management","volume":"10","author":"Leven","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1544176","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the clinical and fusion results following treatment of symptomatic cervical pseudarthrosis","volume":"5","author":"McAnany","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200001010-00009","article-title":"Increased fusion rates with cervical plating for two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.05.010","article-title":"Pseudoarthrosis rates in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Shriver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.51B2.225","article-title":"Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. A clinical and biomechanical study with eight-year follow-up","volume":"51","author":"Simmons","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(03)00173-6","article-title":"Comparison of allograft to autograft in multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with rigid plate fixation","volume":"3","author":"Samartzis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000001259","article-title":"Pseudarthrosis of the cervical spine","volume":"35","author":"Zuckerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2005.07.003","article-title":"Treatment of anterior cervical pseudoarthrosis: posterior fusion versus anterior revision","volume":"6","author":"Carreon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199707150-00012","article-title":"Anterior cervical pseudarthrosis. Natural history and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Phillips","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-08058-9","article-title":"The incidence of reoperation for pseudarthrosis after cervical spine surgery","volume":"33","author":"Jo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-019-09732-9","article-title":"Surgical strategies for the treatment of lumbar pseudarthrosis in degenerative spine surgery: a literature review and case study","volume":"16","author":"Derman","year":"2020","journal-title":"HSS J"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3929-7","article-title":"Fusion rate following extreme lateral lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"24","author":"Berjano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.10.015","article-title":"Occult infection in pseudarthrosis revision after spinal fusion","volume":"21","author":"Burkhard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e633","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-17-00698","article-title":"Cutibacterium acnes in spine pathology: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"27","author":"Khalil","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00081","article-title":"P. acnes-driven disease pathology: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"7","author":"Leheste","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-020-00250-x","article-title":"Is Propionibacterium acnes becoming the most common bacteria in delayed infections following adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery?","volume":"9","author":"Kardile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.11.013","article-title":"18F-Naf PET\/CT in pseudarthrosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"25","author":"El Yaagoubi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1750400","article-title":"18 F-NaF PET\/CT in presumed aseptic pseudarthrosis after spinal fusion: correlation with findings at revision surgery and intraoperative cultures","volume":"21","author":"El Yaagoubi","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib20","series-title":"Infections osseuse et articulaires. In: R\u00e9mic, 7\u00e8me \u00e9dition","first-page":"373","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis803","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infection: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases society of America","volume":"56","author":"Osmon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2009.12.009","article-title":"Recommendations for bone and joint prosthetic device infections in clinical practice (prosthesis, implants, osteosynthesis). Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pathologie Infectieuse de Langue Fran\u00e7aise","volume":"40","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.11.SPINE201891","article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis in noninstrumented spine surgery: a prospective study to determine efficacy and drawbacks","volume":"35","author":"Amelot","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib24","series-title":"Meta-Analysis of Class I Results of Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion With Allograft and Plating. 2012 Annual Meeting","author":"Pettine","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31828ce774","article-title":"Reoperations in cervical total disc replacement compared with anterior cervical fusion: results compiled from multiple prospective food and drug administration investigational device exemption trials conducted at a single site","volume":"38","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2015.9.3.471","article-title":"Reoperations following cervical disc replacement","volume":"9","author":"Skovrlj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000031","article-title":"Clinical outcomes with selectively constrained SECURE-C cervical disc arthroplasty: two-year results from a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter investigational device exemption study","volume":"38","author":"Vaccaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181657f49","article-title":"Anterior cervical fusion with tantalum implant: a prospective randomized controlled study","volume":"33","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Fairen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219888179","article-title":"The prevalence of bacterial infection in patients undergoing elective ACDF for degenerative cervical spine conditions: a prospective cohort study with contaminant control","volume":"11","author":"Bivona","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.01133","article-title":"Contamination of the surgical field with Propionibacterium acnes in primary shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"98","author":"Falconer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.07.065","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes infection after shoulder arthroplasty: a diagnostic challenge","volume":"19","author":"Dodson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161676","article-title":"Prevalence of Propionibacterium acnes in intervertebral discs of patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy: a prospective cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Capoor","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5582-4","article-title":"Low virulence bacterial infections in cervical intervertebral discs: a prospective case series","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200301010-00012","article-title":"Pseudoarthrosis of the cervical spine: a comparison of radiographic diagnostic measures","volume":"28","author":"Cannada","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.100","article-title":"Correlation between different interbody grafts and pseudarthrosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion compared with control group: systematic review","volume":"134","author":"Iunes","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072080-00007","article-title":"Pseudarthrosis of the cervical spine after anterior arthrodesis. Treatment by posterior nerve-root decompression, stabilization, and arthrodesis","volume":"72","author":"Farey","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.08.034","article-title":"Preliminary comparison of radiolucent cages containing either autogenous cancellous bone or hydroxyapatite graft in multilevel cervical fusion","volume":"16","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae436","article-title":"State-of-the-Art review: diagnosis and management of spinal implant infections","volume":"79","author":"Tai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib39","first-page":"173","article-title":"Infection after spinal surgery and procedures","volume":"23","author":"Di Martino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.09.104","article-title":"Quality of life and cost implications of pseudarthrosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and its subsequent revision surgery","volume":"133","author":"Pennington","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875026000434?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875026000434?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T21:15:34Z","timestamp":1784668534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875026000434"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S1878875026000434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pseudarthrosis After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: An Infectious Source Might be Suspected","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.124828","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124828"}}