{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T06:26:29Z","timestamp":1794551189700,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008376","name":"HUS Helsinki University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008376","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T23:39:53Z","timestamp":1781566793000},"page":"125122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Surgery for Elderly Patients with Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenomas Appears to Be Safe"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"212","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0571-1778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristiina","family":"Ritvonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Vasankari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4243-9591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanna","family":"Toivanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jussi","family":"Numminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terho","family":"Latvala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henna","family":"Cederberg-Tamminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6219-5106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Piippo-Karjalainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Kivipelto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2428-0161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Schalin-J\u00e4ntti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Niemel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0788-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atte","family":"Karppinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib1","series-title":"Epidemiology of Brain and Spinal Tumors","first-page":"285","article-title":"Pituitary tumors","author":"Moini","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20412","article-title":"The prevalence of pituitary adenomas","volume":"101","author":"Ezzat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-010-0253-4","article-title":"Demographic differences in incidence for pituitary adenoma","volume":"14","author":"McDowell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0869-3","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of non-functioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"21","author":"Ntali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19699","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomas","volume":"317","author":"Molitch","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03667.x","article-title":"Prevalence of pituitary adenomas: a community-based, cross-sectional study in Banbury (Oxfordshire, UK)","volume":"72","author":"Fernandez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib7","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas","volume":"365","author":"Pal","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00960-0","article-title":"Non-functioning pituitary adenomas: indications for pituitary surgery and post-surgical management","volume":"22","author":"Esposito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1680-1572","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection in elderly versus younger patients","volume":"83","author":"Alexander","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17060","article-title":"Exploring endocrinological pitfalls in pituitary surgery in the elderly","volume":"9","author":"Teramoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.09.187","article-title":"Transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas in elderly patients","volume":"121","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200010000-00009","article-title":"Surgical treatment of clinically nonsecreting pituitary adenomas in elderly patients","volume":"47","author":"Kurosaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1078\/0344-0338-00117","article-title":"Pituitary tumors in the elderly","volume":"197","author":"Kurosaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020652604014","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pituitary tumors in the elderly: clinical outcome and long-term follow-up","volume":"60","author":"Ferrante","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0579.2003.00229.x","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgery in the elderly","volume":"51","author":"Letournel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03325208","article-title":"Clinically non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas in the elderly","volume":"19","author":"Del Monte","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-008-1581-2","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma in elderly patients","volume":"150","author":"Sheehan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2007.11.003","article-title":"Clinical analysis of 103 elderly patients with pituitary adenomas: transsphenoidal surgery and follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0390-z","article-title":"The trans-sphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients and surgical risk","volume":"16","author":"Locatelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-013-0509-3","article-title":"Transsphenoidal surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas in patients aged 80 years or older","volume":"37","author":"Yunoue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2013.872225","article-title":"Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in the elderly is safe and effective","volume":"28","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4158\/EP13182.OR","article-title":"Clinical course and outcome of nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in the elderly compared with younger age groups","volume":"20","author":"Robenshtok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.10.JNS14372","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery in elderly patients with pituitary adenomas","volume":"123","author":"Gondim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20150112","article-title":"Surgical treatment of non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas by the endoscopic endonasal approach in the elderly","volume":"73","author":"Marenco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.08.035","article-title":"Pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in the elderly: surgical outcomes and complications in 158 patients","volume":"84","author":"Zhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13590","article-title":"Comparison of pituitary adenomas in elderly and younger adults: clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and prognosis","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.08.038","article-title":"The clinical characteristics and microsurgical therapy of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients: a retrospective study of 130 cases","volume":"46","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_189_17","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for patients aged over 80 years with pituitary adenomas: surgical and follow-up results","volume":"8","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.151","article-title":"Risks and benefits of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas in patients of the ninth decade","volume":"106","author":"Chinezu","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.11.JNS162286","article-title":"Endonasal endoscopic pituitary surgery in the elderly","volume":"128","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E19","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.7.FOCUS20524","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes in elderly patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma","volume":"49","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.170","article-title":"Surgery: risks of pituitary surgery in the elderly","volume":"6","author":"Freda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03813.x","article-title":"Complications and death among elderly patients undergoing pituitary tumour surgery","volume":"73","author":"Grossman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.05.054","article-title":"How the elderly fare after brain tumor surgery compared to younger patients within a 30-day follow-up: a National surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis of 30,183 cases","volume":"78","author":"Nia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2023.08.023","article-title":"Surgical outcomes in different age cohorts undergoing abdominal surgery: a retrospective study","volume":"39","author":"Shpata","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Perianesthesia Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.21972","article-title":"World medical association declaration of helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human participants","volume":"333","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-007-0243-4","article-title":"The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system","volume":"114","author":"Louis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib39","first-page":"610","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas with invasion of the cavernous sinus space: a magnetic resonance imaging classification compared with surgical findings","volume":"33","author":"Knosp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.02.024","article-title":"Transition from microscopic to endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for nonfunctional pituitary adenomas","volume":"84","author":"Karppinen","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-025-03600-3","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of endoscopic vs. microscopic approaches in pituitary adenoma surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Al-dardery","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.022","article-title":"Endoscopic versus microscopic transsphenoidal surgery in the treatment of pituitary adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","volume":"381","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_50_2024","article-title":"Do we need a neurosurgical frailty index?","volume":"15","author":"Adebola","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875026003384?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875026003384?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T05:41:30Z","timestamp":1794548490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875026003384"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1878875026003384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Surgery for Elderly Patients with Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenomas Appears to Be Safe","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125122","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125122"}}