{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:40:28Z","timestamp":1791690028720,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014717","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014717","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:53:15Z","timestamp":1785826395000},"page":"125230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Risk Stratification and Clinical Outcomes for Surgically Treated Brain Metastasis: A Single Institutional Experience from China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"213","author":[{"given":"Xufei","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6573-7677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li'ao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangpeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyao","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-025-00618-z","article-title":"Breaking boundaries: role of the brain barriers in metastatic process","volume":"22","author":"Izadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib2","article-title":"Brain metastasis from unknown primary tumour: moving from old retrospective studies to clinical trials on targeted agents","volume":"12","author":"Balestrino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-05104-7","article-title":"Surgery for brain metastases-impact of the extent of resection","volume":"164","author":"Winther","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02314","article-title":"Treatment for Brain Metastases: ASCO-SNO-ASTRO guideline","volume":"40","author":"Vogelbaum","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac118","article-title":"Brain metastases: a Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) consensus review on current management and future directions","volume":"24","author":"Aizer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-009-9839-y","article-title":"Management of brain metastases: the indispensable role of surgery","volume":"92","author":"Al-Shamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.8.FOCUS22369","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery and resection for treatment of multiple brain metastases: a systematic review and analysis","volume":"53","author":"Mahajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(03)00105-1","article-title":"The management of brain metastases","volume":"29","author":"Patchell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab101","article-title":"Epidemiology of brain metastases and leptomeningeal disease","volume":"23","author":"Lamba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3475","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.60.9503","article-title":"Treatment of brain metastases","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-024-01195-3","article-title":"Treatment options for brain metastases","volume":"25","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-017-9860-z","article-title":"Neurosurgical management of brain metastases","volume":"34","author":"Ferguson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Metastasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-019-0320-3","article-title":"Current approaches to the management of brain metastases","volume":"17","author":"Suh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(96)00619-0","article-title":"Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) of prognostic factors in three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) brain metastases trials","volume":"37","author":"Gaspar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.06.074","article-title":"A new prognostic index and comparison to three other indices for patients with brain metastases: an analysis of 1,960 patients in the RTOG database","volume":"70","author":"Sperduto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.38.0527","article-title":"Summary report on the graded prognostic assessment: an accurate and facile diagnosis-specific tool to estimate survival for patients with brain metastases","volume":"30","author":"Sperduto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.3834","article-title":"Estimating survival in patients with lung cancer and brain metastases: an update of the graded prognostic assessment for lung cancer using molecular markers (Lung-molGPA)","volume":"3","author":"Sperduto","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib18","article-title":"National Brain Tumour Registry of China (NBTRC) statistical report of primary brain tumours diagnosed in China in years 2019-2020","volume":"34","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6921","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000002889","article-title":"Comparison of endoscopic versus microscopic transsphenoidal surgery in patients with pituitary adenomas: a propensity score matched study","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib20","article-title":"White matter alterations in pediatric brainstem glioma: an national brain tumor registry of China study","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X06295361","article-title":"Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models","volume":"26","author":"Vickers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.02.006","article-title":"Prognostic factors of colorectal cancer patients with brain metastases","volume":"158","author":"Roussille","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1640-x","article-title":"The relative value of postoperative versus preoperative Karnofsky performance scale scores as a predictor of survival after surgical resection of glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"121","author":"Chambless","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib24","article-title":"The karnofsky performance status at discharge is a prognostic indicator of life expectancy in patients with glioblastoma","volume":"16","author":"Sasaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1098","article-title":"The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the 'seed and soil' hypothesis revisited","volume":"3","author":"Fidler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0055-y","article-title":"Brain metastases","volume":"5","author":"Achrol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib27","article-title":"The effect of brain metastasis location on clinical outcomes: a review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Kancharla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurooncol Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13020324","article-title":"The infratentorial localization of brain metastases may correlate with specific clinical characteristics and portend worse outcomes based on voxel-wise mapping","volume":"13","author":"Dou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2007.10.010","article-title":"Cerebellar metastases in patients with cancer","volume":"71","author":"Yoshida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000075099","article-title":"Posterior fossa metastases: aggressive treatment improves survival","volume":"81","author":"Kanner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9572-y","article-title":"Metastases to the cerebellum. Results and prognostic factors in a consecutive series of 44 operated patients","volume":"88","author":"Pompili","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.6.GKS14708","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery to the resection bed for intracranial metastases and risk of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis","volume":"121","author":"Ojerholm","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.currproblcancer.2018.06.002","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and location of brain metastases as prognostic markers","volume":"43","author":"Cacho-D\u00edaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2023.104239","article-title":"Brain metastases and next-generation anticancer therapies: a survival guide for clinicians","volume":"194","author":"Dipasquale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1713137","article-title":"Osimertinib in untreated EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"378","author":"Soria","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.78.3118","article-title":"CNS response to osimertinib versus standard epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with untreated EGFR-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer","author":"Reungwetwattana","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3593","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02278","article-title":"Post hoc analysis of lorlatinib intracranial efficacy and safety in patients with ALK-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer from the phase III CROWN study","volume":"40","author":"Solomon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.02.012","article-title":"Intracranial and extracranial efficacy of lorlatinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with second-generation ALK TKIs","volume":"32","author":"Felip","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(20)30111-X","article-title":"Pembrolizumab for management of patients with NSCLC and brain metastases: long-term results and biomarker analysis from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"21","author":"Goldberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30139-6","article-title":"Combination nivolumab and ipilimumab or nivolumab alone in melanoma brain metastases: a multicentre randomised phase 2 study","volume":"19","author":"Long","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00204","article-title":"Long-term survival of patients with melanoma with active brain metastases treated with pembrolizumab on a phase II trial","volume":"37","author":"Kluger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.30.1655","article-title":"Adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy versus observation after radiosurgery or surgical resection of one to three cerebral metastases: results of the EORTC 22952-26001 study","volume":"29","author":"Kocher","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30441-2","article-title":"Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery compared with whole brain radiotherapy for resected metastatic brain disease (NCCTG N107C\/CEC\u00b73): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"18","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["World Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875026004468?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878875026004468?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:50:26Z","timestamp":1789635026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878875026004468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1878875026004468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-8750"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-8750","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk Stratification and Clinical Outcomes for Surgically Treated Brain Metastasis: A Single Institutional Experience from China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"World Neurosurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2026.125230","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"125230"}}