{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:24:16Z","timestamp":1790972656916,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Women and Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]],"date-time":"2007-04-30T10:50:04Z","timestamp":1177930204000},"page":"41-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Birth outcomes associated with interventions in labour amongst low risk women: A population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sally K.","family":"Tracy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueping Alex","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.10.009","article-title":"Evidence-based intrapartum care","volume":"19","author":"Hofmeyr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib2","series-title":"A guide to effective care in pregnancy and childbirth","author":"Enkin","year":"1995"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.106748","article-title":"Maternal and neonatal outcomes after induction of labour without an identified indication","volume":"183","author":"Dublin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10051.x","article-title":"Effects of early augmentation of labour with amniotomy and oxytocin in nulliparous women: a meta-analysis","volume":"105","author":"Fraser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000157436.68847.3b","article-title":"Labour progression and risk of cesarean delivery in electively induced nullipara","volume":"105","author":"Vahratian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.2307\/1229441","article-title":"The medical and legal risks of the electronic fetal monitor","volume":"51","author":"Lent","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stanford Law Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000220531.25707.27","article-title":"Obstetric litigation is asphyxiating our maternity services","volume":"107","author":"Hankins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.13.1688","article-title":"Who will deliver our grandchildren? Implications of cerebral palsy litigation","volume":"249","author":"MacLennan","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7342","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7342.892","article-title":"Has the medicalisation of childbirth gone too far?","volume":"324","author":"Johanson","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2002.00153.x","article-title":"Strategies to address global cesarean section rates: a review of the evidence","volume":"29","author":"Walker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2004.00289.x","article-title":"Increasing cesarean section rates: exploring the role of culture in an Australian community","volume":"31","author":"Walker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2003.09.006","article-title":"European indicators of health care during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period","volume":"111","author":"Wildman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2003.10.036","article-title":"The impact of delivery suite guidelines on intrapartum care in \u2018standard primigravida\u2019","volume":"115","author":"Alfirevic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2006.00102.x","article-title":"Infant and neonatal mortality for primary cesarean and vaginal births to women with \u201cno indicated risk,\u201d United States, 1998\u20132001 birth cohorts","volume":"33","author":"Macdorman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib15","unstructured":"Laws PJ, Sullivan EA. Australia's mothers and babies 2003. AIHW Cat. No. PER 29. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (Perinatal Statistics Series No. 16); 2005."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2003.00238.x","article-title":"Editorial: the push against vaginal birth","volume":"30","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2006.00110.x","article-title":"Why do women go along with this stuff?","volume":"33","author":"Klein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2006.00094.x","article-title":"Why do women go along with this stuff?","volume":"33","author":"Kitzinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2004.00324.x","article-title":"Humanizing birth: a global grassroots movement","volume":"31","author":"Goer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib20","unstructured":"Maternity Care Coalition US. Childbirth at the Crossroads Roundtable event 2005. http:\/\/www.momobile.org\/events\/session1summary.html [accessed November 6, 2006]."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000331.pub2","article-title":"Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia in labour","author":"Anim-Somuah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.09.014","article-title":"Epidural analgesia associated with low-dose oxytocin augmentation increases cesarean births: a critical look at the external validity of randomized trials","volume":"194","author":"Kotaska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5 Suppl Nature","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(02)70184-1","article-title":"Epidural analgesia side effects, co-interventions, and care of women during childbirth: a systematic review","volume":"186","author":"Mayberry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh401","article-title":"Prenatal risk factors for Caesarean section. Analyses of the ALSPAC cohort of 12,944 women in England","volume":"34","author":"Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib25","unstructured":"Laws PJ, Sullivan EA. Report on the evaluation of the Perinatal National Minimum Data Set. AIHW Cat. No. PER 27. Sydney, Australia: AIHW National Perinatal Statistics Unit. Perinatal Statistics Series No. 14; 2004."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1999.tb127678.x","article-title":"Australian national birth weight percentiles by gestational age","volume":"170","author":"Roberts","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0004-8666.2003.00018.x","article-title":"Management of labour among women with epidural analgesia","volume":"43","author":"Roberts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib28","series-title":"Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for windows","author":"SPSS Inc.","year":"2003"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10904.x","article-title":"Labour and delivery of \u2018normal\u2019 primiparous women: analysis of routinely collected data","volume":"102","author":"Middle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb15357.x","article-title":"Evaluating the quality of maternity service-a discussion paper","volume":"98","author":"Paterson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05251-X","article-title":"Effect of low-dose mobile versus traditional epidural techniques on mode of delivery: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"358","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000158861.43593.49","article-title":"Changes in fetal position during labour and their association with epidural analgesia","volume":"105","author":"Lieberman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh401","article-title":"Prenatal risk factors for Caesarean section. Analyses of the ALSPAC cohort of 12,944 women in England","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90015-B","article-title":"The effect of intrapartum epidural analgesia on nulliparous labour: a randomized, controlled, prospective trial","volume":"169","author":"Thorp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.10.030","article-title":"Use of epidural analgesia and its relation to caesarean and instrumental deliveries\u2014a population-based study of 94,217 primiparae","volume":"128","author":"Eriksson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb07152.x","article-title":"Risk of complications in a second pregnancy following caesarean section in the first pregnancy: a population-based study","volume":"183","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040405","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with a trial of labour after prior cesarean delivery","volume":"351","author":"Landon","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2002.00167.x","article-title":"Prevalence and persistence of health problems after childbirth: associations with parity and method of birth","volume":"29","author":"Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00721.x","article-title":"Faecal incontinence and mode of first and subsequent delivery: a 6-year longitudinal study","volume":"112","author":"Macarthur","year":"2005","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004457.pub2","article-title":"Discontinuation of epidural analgesia late in labour for reducing the adverse delivery outcomes associated with epidural analgesia","author":"Torvaldsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5 Suppl Nature","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(02)70181-6","article-title":"Unintended effects of epidural analgesia during labour: a systematic review","volume":"186","author":"Lieberman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7360.357","article-title":"Randomised study of long term outcome after epidural versus non-epidural analgesia during labour","volume":"325","author":"Howell","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210967","article-title":"Maternal epidural analgesia and rates of maternal antibiotic treatment in a low-risk nulliparous population","volume":"23","author":"Goetzl","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000175.pub2","article-title":"Prophylactic intravenous preloading for regional analgesia in labour","author":"Hofmeyr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.10.635","article-title":"Economic implications of method of delivery","volume":"193","author":"Allen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7254","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7254.137","article-title":"Rates for obstetric intervention among private and public patients in Australia: population based descriptive study","volume":"321","author":"Roberts","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2003.02045.x","article-title":"Costing the cascade: estimating the cost of increased obstetric intervention in childbirth using population data","volume":"110","author":"Tracy","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000175","article-title":"Prophylactic intravenous preloading for regional analgesia in labour","author":"Hofmeyr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000063","article-title":"Continuous electronic heart rate monitoring for fetal assessment during labour","author":"Thacker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6012","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6012.735","article-title":"Obstetric practice and outcome of pregnancy in Cardiff residents, 1965\u20131973","volume":"1","author":"Chalmers","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br Med J"}],"container-title":["Women and Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187151920700025X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187151920700025X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T12:03:59Z","timestamp":1587470639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187151920700025X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S187151920700025X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2007.03.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-5192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-5192","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}}}