{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:58:00Z","timestamp":1779238680153,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["womenandbirth.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Women and Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]],"date-time":"2017-05-24T00:15:19Z","timestamp":1495584919000},"page":"e265-e271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prevalence of and risk factors associated with cesarean section in Lebanon \u2014 A retrospective study based on a sample of 29,270 women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sandy M.","family":"Zgheib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Kacim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Kostev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0005","series-title":"World Health Report (2010)","article-title":"Caesarean sections should only be performed when medically necessary","author":"Lindmeier","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0010","series-title":"World Health Organization 2015","first-page":"8","article-title":"WHO statement on caesarean section rates","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0015","series-title":"Optimal C-section rate may be as high as 19 percent to save lives of mothers and infants","author":"Weiser","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0020","series-title":"World Health Report (2010) Background Papers","first-page":"1","article-title":"The global numbers and costs of additionally needed and unnecessary caesarean sections performed per year: overuse as a barrier to universal coverage","author":"Gibbons","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S85215","article-title":"Increased cesarean section rate in Central Saudi Arabia: a change in practice or different maternal characteristics","volume":"7","author":"Al-Kadri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Women Health"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0030","first-page":"8","article-title":"Reducing rates of unnecessary cesarean sections in Lebanon","author":"Moussawi","year":"2014","journal-title":"KP2 Policy"},{"issue":"June (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-2315(06)76409-2","article-title":"Trends in perinatal health in metropolitan France between 1995 and 2003: results from the National Perinatal Surveys","volume":"35","author":"Blondel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2010.06.012","article-title":"The safety and quality of childbirth in the context of health systems: mapping maternal health provision in Lebanon","volume":"26","author":"DeJong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0045","series-title":"Cesarean section rates among the Syrian refugee population in Lebanon: possible causes, implications and recommendations going forward","author":"Huster","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2012-0049","article-title":"To \u201cC\u201d or not to \u201cC\u201d?","volume":"41","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-015-0020-2","article-title":"Caesarean delivery and its correlates in Northern Region of Bangladesh: application of logistic regression and cox proportional hazard model","volume":"33","author":"Rahman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0060","article-title":"Factors associated with high Cesarean deliveries in China and Brazil \u2014 a call for reducing elective surgeries in moving towards universal health coverage","volume":"3","author":"Acuff Michaluk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/15.3.270","article-title":"Hospital practices in maternity wards in Lebanon","volume":"15","author":"Khayat","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czh012","article-title":"Caesarean section rates in the Arab region: a cross-national study","volume":"19","author":"Jurdi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0075","series-title":"Satistical Bulletin 2013 (Lebanon)","author":"MOPH","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0080","series-title":"Opting for a Cesarean: What determines the decision?","author":"Abdallah","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0085","first-page":"14","article-title":"Cesarean delivery among Nulliparous Women in Beirut: Assessing predictors in nine hospitals","volume":"34","author":"Tamim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wiley Online Library"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0090","series-title":"Indications for cesarean section in St. Joseph Medical Hospital Moshi, Tanzania","author":"Becher","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211064","article-title":"Impact of maternal age on preterm delivery and low birthweight: a hospital-based collaborative study of nulliparous Lebanese women in Greater Beirut","volume":"24","author":"Beydoun","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0100","first-page":"14","article-title":"Impact of caesarean section on mode of delivery, pregnancy-induced and pregnancy-associated disorders, and complications in the subsequent pregnancy in Germany","author":"Jacob","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ger Med Sci: GMS E-J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68704-7","article-title":"Caesarean delivery rates and pregnancy outcomes: the 2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in Latin America","volume":"367","author":"Villar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00920.x","article-title":"Determinants of caesarean section in Lebanon: geographical differences","volume":"22","author":"Carayol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0115","series-title":"Factors associated with high cesarean section rates in Bertha Gxowa Hospital","author":"Eyassu","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2006.11.006","article-title":"The policy environment encouraging C-section in Lebanon","volume":"83","author":"Kabakian-Khasholian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0125","first-page":"1","article-title":"Once a CS always a controversy","volume":"90","author":"Gynecol","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstetr Gynecol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0130","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vaginal birth vs. C-section: pros & cons","author":"Nierenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Live Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0135","first-page":"191","article-title":"Short-term neonatal outcome in singleton, late preterm deliveries: a three-year experience at a single Lebanese center","volume":"62","author":"Nawfal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Libanais"},{"issue":"February","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003_bib0140","first-page":"1","article-title":"Analysis of caesarean section rates over time in a single Swiss centre using a ten-group classification system","volume":"144","author":"Mueller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Swiss Med Weekly"}],"container-title":["Women and Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519217300781?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519217300781?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T18:14:41Z","timestamp":1692814481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871519217300781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871519217300781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-5192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-5192","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of and risk factors associated with cesarean section in Lebanon \u2014 A retrospective study based on a sample of 29,270 women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Women and Birth","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}