{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T23:33:57Z","timestamp":1759448037932},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["womenandbirth.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Women and Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]],"date-time":"2017-12-27T22:38:24Z","timestamp":1514414304000},"page":"422-429","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Midwifery management of second-degree perineal tears in New Zealand: A cross-sectional survey of practice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Robin S.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minglan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Culliney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Maude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536x.1999.00011.x","article-title":"Distribution of genital tract trauma in childbirth and related postnatal pain","volume":"26","author":"Albers","year":"1999","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0010","series-title":"Report on maternity 2014","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0015","series-title":"Midwives handbook for practice","author":"New Zealand College of Midwives","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0020","series-title":"2013 midwifery workforce survey","author":"Midwifery Council of New Zealand","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0025","series-title":"Midwifery and Maternity Providers Organisation (MMPO) report on New Zealand\u2019s MMPO midwives care activities and outcomes 2012","author":"New Zealand College of Midwives","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0030","series-title":"Clincal guideline 190. Methods, evidence and recommendations","article-title":"Intrapartum care: care of healthy women and their babies during childbirth","author":"National Institute for Health","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0035","series-title":"Perineal care: an international issue","first-page":"32","article-title":"Women\u2019s health after delivery","author":"Glazener","year":"2005"},{"issue":"6445","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6445.587","article-title":"West Berkshire perineal management trial","volume":"289","author":"Sleep","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2015.23.8.553","article-title":"Women\u2019s perceptions of perineal repair as an aspect of normal childbirth","volume":"23","author":"Thompson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Midwifery"},{"issue":"1150","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0050","first-page":"144","article-title":"Perineal anatomy and episiotomy. Are episiotomies and repairs being performed correctly in NZ hospitals","volume":"115","author":"Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0055","first-page":"273","volume":"5(4","author":"Toohey","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0060","series-title":"Suturing versus non-suturing of spontaneous perineal tears following normal birth: factors that influence the practice of New Zealand\/Aotearoa midwives","author":"Gray","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0065","series-title":"Surgical repair of spontaneous perineal tears that occur during childbirth versus no intervention","author":"Elharmeel","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0070","series-title":"Rectal analgesia for pain from perineal trauma following childbirth","author":"Hedayati","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0075","series-title":"Absorbable suture materials for primary repair of episiotomy and second degree tears","author":"Kettle","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0080","series-title":"Continuous and interrupted suturing techniques for repair of episiotomy or second degree tears","author":"Kettle","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-57","article-title":"How good are we at implementing evidence to support the management of birth related perineal trauma? A UK wide survey of midwifery practice","volume":"12","author":"Bick","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0090","series-title":"Ethnicity data protocols for the health and disability sector","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0095","first-page":"212","article-title":"Designing questionnaires for midwifery research","volume":"8","author":"Douglas","year":"2005","journal-title":"RCM Midwives"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0100","series-title":"Perineal and anal sphincter trauma: diagnosis and clinical management","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0105","series-title":"Postnatal care up to 8 weeks after birth. Clinical guideline 37","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0110","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effectiveness of an educational programme in perineal repair for midwives","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-209","article-title":"Perineal assessment and repair longitudinal study (PEARLS): a matched-pair cluster randomized trial","volume":"11","author":"Ismail","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0120","first-page":"45","article-title":"To suture or not to suture? Decisions, decisions, decisions. A grounded theory study exploring the decision-making processes of midwives regarding management of perineal trauma following spontaneous childbirth","volume":"3","author":"Spendlove","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evid Based Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0125","first-page":"1","article-title":"National survey of perineal trauma and its subsequent management in the United Kingdom","author":"Thiagamoorthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.02353.x","article-title":"Does perineal suturing make a difference? The SUNS trial","volume":"110","author":"Fleming","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0135","series-title":"First birth at home or in hospital in Aotearoa\/New Zealand: intrapartum midwifery care and related outcomes","author":"Miller","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0140","series-title":"Midwifery practice \u2014 learning from complaints","author":"Finn","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2006.14.9.21802","article-title":"Second degree tears: to suture or not? A randomised controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Langley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0150","series-title":"Midwifery preparation for practice","first-page":"693","article-title":"Perineal care and repair","author":"Dahlen","year":"2015"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NMC.0000298134.39785.6c","article-title":"Kangaroo care at birth for full term infants: a pilot study","volume":"32","author":"Walters","year":"2007","journal-title":"MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.5172\/conu.673.30.2.156","article-title":"Midwifery in New Zealand, 1904\u20131971","volume":"30","author":"Stojanovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contemp Nurse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.1998.6.1.34","article-title":"A trial of cetrimide\/chlorhexidine or tap water for perineal cleaning","volume":"6","author":"Keane","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2014.09.004","article-title":"Severe perineal trauma is rising: but let us not overreact","volume":"31","author":"Dahlen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2010.11.009","article-title":"Perineal pain following childbirth: prevalence, effects on postnatal recovery and analgesia usage","volume":"28","author":"East","year":"2012","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-6138(88)80024-X","article-title":"Relief of perineal pain following childbirth: a survey of midwifery practice","volume":"4","author":"Sleep","year":"1988","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1071\/AH13116","article-title":"Healthcare professional perspectives on quality and safety in New Zealand public hospitals: findings from a national survey","volume":"38","author":"Gauld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aust Health Rev"}],"container-title":["Women and Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519217305073?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519217305073?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T12:47:21Z","timestamp":1537447641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871519217305073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871519217305073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-5192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-5192","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Midwifery management of second-degree perineal tears in New Zealand: A cross-sectional survey of practice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Women and Birth","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.11.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}