{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:41:12Z","timestamp":1788237672010,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sao Paulo Research Foundation","award":["2012\/19957-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012\/19957-0"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["78646\/2012-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["78646\/2012-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["womenandbirth.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Women and Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,11]],"date-time":"2018-01-11T22:37:22Z","timestamp":1515710242000},"page":"e334-e340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Ice pack induced perineal analgesia after spontaneous vaginal birth: Randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Adriana Amorim","family":"Francisco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia Maria Junqueira Vasconcellos","family":"De Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Steen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moacyr Roberto Cuce","family":"Nobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eder Viana","family":"De Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2012.04133.x","article-title":"Risk factors for birth-related perineal trauma: a cross-sectional study in a birth centre","volume":"21","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-59","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for perineal trauma: a prospective observational study","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Cent Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0015","first-page":"77","article-title":"Episiotomy, laceration and perineal integrity in spontaneous deliveries: analysis of factors associated [Episiotomia, lacera\u00e7\u00e3o e integridade perineal em partos normais: an\u00e1lise de fatores associados]","volume":"19","author":"Riesco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Enferm UERJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2010.11.009","article-title":"Perineal pain following childbirth: prevalence, effects on postnatal recovery and analgesia usage","volume":"28","author":"East","year":"2012","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.23.1.17","article-title":"Major survey findings of listening to mothers(SM) III: new mothers speak out: report of national surveys of women\u2019s childbearing experiences","volume":"23","author":"Declercq","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Perinat Educ"},{"issue":"Spec\u2009No","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1590\/S0080-623420140000600006","article-title":"Association between perineal trauma and pain in primiparous women","volume":"48","author":"Francisco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Esc Enferm USP"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2010.10.012","article-title":"Women\u2019s experiences of perineal pain during the immediate postnatal period: a cross-sectional study in Brazil","volume":"27","author":"Amorim-Francisco","year":"2010","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12184","article-title":"Morbidity experienced by women before and after operative vaginal delivery: prospective cohort study nested within a two-centre randomised controlled trial of restrictive versus routine use of episiotomy","volume":"120","author":"Macleod","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0045","series-title":"Cryotherapy in sport injury management","author":"Knight","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0050","series-title":"Therapeutic modalities","author":"Starkey","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.025932","article-title":"Cryotherapy for acute ankle sprains: a randomised controlled study of two different icing protocols","volume":"40","author":"Bleakley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-6138(88)80024-X","article-title":"Relief of perineal pain following childbirth: a survey of midwifery practice","volume":"4","author":"Sleep","year":"1988","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0065","article-title":"Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth","volume":"3","author":"East","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-15656","article-title":"Ice therapy: how good is the evidence?","volume":"22","author":"MacAuley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2008.16.6.29599","article-title":"Understanding perineal pain: women\u2019s descriptions","volume":"16","author":"Steen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Midwifery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00339-0","article-title":"Defining the clinically important difference in pain outcome measures","volume":"88","author":"Farrar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2012.04195.x","article-title":"Comparison of application times for ice packs used to relieve perineal pain after normal birth: randomised clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601118","article-title":"Survival analysis part I: basic concepts and first analyses","volume":"89","author":"Clark","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2011.10.001","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomized trial","volume":"10","author":"Moher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-2011.2010.00018.x","article-title":"Perineal analgesia with an ice pack after spontaneous vaginal birth: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Leventhal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2015.09.002","article-title":"Length of perineal pain relief after ice pack application: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"29","author":"de Souza Bosco Paiva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2011.08.011","article-title":"A qualitative study exploring women\u2019s personal experiences of their perineum after childbirth: expectations, reality and returning to normality","volume":"28","author":"Way","year":"2012","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0115","series-title":"The handbook of pain assessment","author":"Turk","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.1999.8.2.25843","article-title":"A new device for the treatment of perineal wounds","volume":"8","author":"Steen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.1986.tb01426.x","article-title":"A comparison of cold and warm sitz baths for relief of postpartum perineal pain","volume":"15","author":"Ramler","year":"1986","journal-title":"JOGN Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2000.8.5.8141","article-title":"Fem\u00e9 pad: out of the ice age and into the new millennium","volume":"8","author":"Steen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Midwifery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011_bib0135","first-page":"16","article-title":"Ice packs and cooling gel pads versus no localised treatment for relief of perineal pain: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Steen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evid Based Midwifery"}],"container-title":["Women and Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519217300446?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519217300446?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T08:44:57Z","timestamp":1537433097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871519217300446"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871519217300446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-5192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-5192","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ice pack induced perineal analgesia after spontaneous vaginal birth: Randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Women and Birth","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.12.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}