{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:36:11Z","timestamp":1777923371430,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Women and Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T01:23:00Z","timestamp":1525310580000},"page":"87-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A qualitative exploration of techniques used by expert midwives to preserve the perineum intact"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Begley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Guilliland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1967-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Keegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0005","series-title":"Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists: methods and materials used in perineal repair. Guideline no. 23","author":"Kettle","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0010","article-title":"Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0015","unstructured":"EURO-PERISTAT Project with SCPE and EUROCAT. 2013 European Perinatal Health Report. The health and care of pregnant women and babies in Europe in 2010. May; 2013. Available from www.europeristat.com."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0703-0","article-title":"A retrospective study on perineal lacerations in vaginal delivery and the individual performance of experienced midwives","volume":"22","author":"Ott","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-85","article-title":"Comparison of midwife-led and consultant-led care of healthy women at low risk of childbirth complications in the Republic of Ireland: a randomised trial","volume":"11","author":"Begley","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1285-9","article-title":"Midwife-led maternity care in Ireland\u2014a cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Dencker","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0035","unstructured":"New Zealand College of Midwives, & Midwifery and Maternity Providers Organisation. New Zealand College of Midwives Report on MMPO-Midwives Care Activities and Outcomes 2013, 2018, College of Midwives; Christchurch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2017.09.011","article-title":"Irish and New Zealand Midwives\u2019 expertise at preserving the perineum intact (the MEPPI study): perspectives on preparations for birth","volume":"55","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0045","series-title":"Nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice","author":"Polit","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Whatever happened to qualitative description?","volume":"23","author":"Sandelowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2011.08.008","article-title":"Irish and New Zealand midwives' expertise in expectant management of the third stage of labour: the \u2018MEET\u2019 study","volume":"28","author":"Begley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1996.02446.x","article-title":"Triangulation of communication skills in qualitative research interviews","volume":"24","author":"Begley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7226.50","article-title":"Qualitative research in health care: assessing quality in qualitative research","volume":"320","author":"Mays","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0070","series-title":"Understanding nursing and healthcare research","author":"Cronin","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01595.x","article-title":"Quality in qualitative research: criteria for authors and assessors in the submission and assessment of qualitative research articles for the MJA","volume":"188","author":"Kitto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0080","series-title":"Qualitative research in nursing: advancing the humanistic imperative","author":"Streubert","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v6n5p46","article-title":"Exploring women\u2019s personal experiences of giving birth in Gonabad city: a qualitative study","volume":"6","author":"Askari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob J Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2010.11.007","article-title":"\u2018Not enough people to look after you\u2019: an exploration of women\u2019s experiences of childbirth in the Republic of Ireland","volume":"28","author":"Larkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"December (4)","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2014.09.010","article-title":"The delivery room: is it a safe place? A hermeneutic analysis of women\u2019s negative birth experiences","volume":"5","author":"Nilsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sexual Reprod Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1054\/midw.2000.0232","article-title":"\u2018Giving midwifery care\u2019: student midwives\u2019 views of their working role","volume":"17","author":"Begley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"September (9)","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1675-5","article-title":"Alternative model of birth to reduce the risk of assisted vaginal delivery and perineal trauma","volume":"23","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"March (1)","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12267","article-title":"Midwives\u2019 management during the second stage of labor in relation to second-degree tears\u2014an experimental study","volume":"44","author":"Edqvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12800","article-title":"Shoulder dystocia in primary midwifery care in the Netherlands","volume":"95","author":"Kallianidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0120","article-title":"Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma","author":"Aasheim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1114079","article-title":"The impact of obstetric gel on the second stage of labor and perineal integrity: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Ashwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2008.024","article-title":"Obstetric gel shortens second stage of labor and prevents perineal trauma in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial on labor facilitation","volume":"36","author":"Schaub","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-011-1919-5","article-title":"Reducing perineal trauma through perineal massage with vaseline in second stage of labor","volume":"285","author":"Geranmayeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"September (3)","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2015.02.006","article-title":"The effect of \u201chands on\u201d techniques on obstetric perineal laceration: a structured review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"September","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.04.033","article-title":"Changing incidence of anal sphincter tears in four Nordic countries through the last decades","volume":"146","author":"Laine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-011-1454-8","article-title":"Hands on or hands off the perineum: a survey of care of the perineum in labour (HOOPS)","volume":"22","author":"Trochez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12330","article-title":"Perineal management techniques among midwives at five hospitals in New South Wales\u2014a cross-sectional survey","volume":"55","author":"Ampt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0160","series-title":"The RCM report of a survey exploring the position of midwives\u2019 hands during the birth of the baby\u2019s head","author":"The Royal College of Midwives","year":"2014"},{"issue":"February (2)","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12547","article-title":"Perineal support and risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a Delphi survey","volume":"94","author":"Ismail","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"August (9)","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13431","article-title":"Manual perineal support at the time of childbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"122","author":"Bulchandani","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"May (5)","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0175","article-title":"Manual protection of the perineum reduces the risk of obstetric anal sphincter ruptures","volume":"62","author":"Leenskjold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10004.x","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of care of the perineum during second stage of normal labour","volume":"105","author":"McCandlish","year":"1998","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008346","article-title":"Does the Finnish intervention prevent obstetric anal sphincter injuries? A systematic review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Poulsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.04.033","article-title":"Can the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injury be reduced? The STOMP experience","volume":"202","author":"Basu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2164-1","article-title":"Modeling manual perineal protection during vaginal delivery","volume":"25","author":"Jansova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015_bib0200","article-title":"Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Women and Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519217305978?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519217305978?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:37:15Z","timestamp":1761730635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871519217305978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871519217305978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-5192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-5192","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A qualitative exploration of techniques used by expert midwives to preserve the perineum intact","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Women and Birth","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.04.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}