{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:46:57Z","timestamp":1792532817637,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Women and Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,12]],"date-time":"2021-06-12T17:16:06Z","timestamp":1623518166000},"page":"e163-e171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A participatory action research study exploring midwives\u2019 understandings of the concept of burnout in Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2699-1629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Doherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1434-4069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0005","series-title":"National Maternity Strategy","author":"Department of Health (DoH)","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0010","series-title":"BETTER BIRTHS Improving Outcomes of Maternity Services in England a Five Year Forward View for Maternity Care","author":"National Maternity Review","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0015","series-title":"WHO Healthy Workplace Framework and Model: Background and Supporting Literature and Practices","author":"WHO World Health Organisation","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987119880329","article-title":"An investigation into the relationships between bullying, discrimination, burnout and patient safety in nurses and midwives: is burnout a mediator?","volume":"24","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Res. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2014.03.010","article-title":"Midwives\u05f3 experiences of workplace resilience","volume":"30","author":"Hunter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0030","series-title":"Clinical Report, 2018","author":"National Maternity Hospital (NMH)","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.11.010","article-title":"Relationships between working conditions and emotional wellbeing in midwives","volume":"32","author":"Cramer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0040","series-title":"The Politics of Maternity","author":"Mander","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2019.08.008","article-title":"Midwives in the United Kingdom: levels of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress and associated predictors","volume":"79","author":"Hunter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1212-5","article-title":"Prevalence of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress in Australian midwives: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"17","author":"Creedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2013.07.001","article-title":"Burnout in Swedish midwives","volume":"4","author":"Hildingsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Reprod. Healthc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/14034940510032275","article-title":"Burnout among employees in human service work: design and baseline findings of the PUMA study","volume":"34","author":"Borritz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2016.08.001","article-title":"Burnout among Norwegian midwives and the contribution of personal and work-related factors: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Henriksen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex. Reprod. Healthc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0070","series-title":"Health and Emotional Lives of Midwives in the United Kingdom: The UK WHELM Study","author":"Hunter","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.019364","article-title":"Burnout as a predictor of self-reported sickness absence among human service workers: prospective findings from three year follow up of the PUMA study","volume":"63","author":"Borritz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-4-31","article-title":"A new definition of burnout syndrome based on Farber\u2019s proposal","volume":"4","author":"Montero-Mar\u00edn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Occup. Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x","article-title":"Staff burn-out","volume":"30","author":"Freudenberger","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Soc. Issues"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0090","first-page":"16","article-title":"Burned-out","author":"Maslach","year":"1976","journal-title":"Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1108\/13620430910933574","article-title":"Present but sick: a three\u2010wave study on job demands, presenteeism and burnout","volume":"14","author":"Demerouti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Career Dev. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.93.3.498","article-title":"Early predictors of job burnout and engagement","volume":"93","author":"Maslach","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-172x.1999.00143.x","article-title":"Moral distress, advocacy and burnout: theorising the relationships","volume":"5","author":"Sundin-Huard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0110","series-title":"Burnout: 35 Years of Research and Practice","author":"Schaufeli","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021484","article-title":"Safety at work: a meta-analytic investigation of the link between job demands, job resources, burnout, engagement, and safety outcomes","volume":"96","author":"Nahrgang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0120","series-title":"WHO Classification of Diseases ICD-10","author":"WHO World Health Organisation","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-2182(86)90174-6","article-title":"Burnout experienced by nurse-midwives","volume":"31","author":"Colebeaver","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0130","series-title":"Doing Action Research in Your Own Organisation","author":"Coghlan","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0135","series-title":"Handbook of Action Research Participative Inquiry and Practice","author":"Reason","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0140","series-title":"Action Research Living Theory","author":"Whitehead","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1800.2010.00506.x","article-title":"Cultivating the power of partnerships in feminist participatory action research in women\u2019s health","volume":"17","author":"Ponic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nurs. Inq."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/14767503030011002","article-title":"Why Action Research?","volume":"1","author":"Brydon-Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Action Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2020.08.013","article-title":"Midwifery leaders\u2019 views on the factors considered crucial to implementing evidence-based practice in clinical areas","volume":"34","author":"De Leo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2017.10.017","article-title":"Exploring midwives\u2019 interactions with mothers when labour begins: a study using participatory action research","volume":"58","author":"Shallow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/146879410100100307","article-title":"Thematic networks: an analytic tool for qualitative research","volume":"1","author":"Attride-Stirling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/02678370500297720","article-title":"The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: a new tool for the assessment of burnout","volume":"19","author":"Kristensen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Work Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0175","series-title":"The Resilient Practitioner: Burnout and Compassion Fatigue Prevention and Self-Care Strategies for the Helping Professions","author":"Skovholt","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2018.07.012","article-title":"Fighting a losing battle: midwives experiences of workplace stress","volume":"32","author":"Geraghty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2011.01.007","article-title":"Factors that contribute to midwives staying in midwifery: a study in one area health service in New South Wales, Australia","volume":"27","author":"Sullivan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2014.07.003","article-title":"Midwives\u05f3 experiences of the factors that facilitate normal birth among low risk women at a public hospital in Australia","volume":"31","author":"Carolan-Olah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2008.04.003","article-title":"The costs of \u2018being with the woman\u2019: secondary traumatic stress in midwifery","volume":"26","author":"Leinweber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0200","series-title":"The New Midwifery E-Book: Science and Sensitivity in Practice","first-page":"125","article-title":"Supprting midwives to support women","author":"Deery","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2015.11.002","article-title":"Compassion for others, self-compassion, quality of life and mental well-being measures and their association with compassion fatigue and burnout in student midwives: a quantitative survey","volume":"34","author":"Beaumont","year":"2016","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2004.12.007","article-title":"Emotion work and boundary maintenance in hospital-based midwifery","volume":"21","author":"Hunter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2005.11.002","article-title":"The importance of reciprocity in relationships between community-based midwives and mothers","volume":"22","author":"Hunter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0220","article-title":"The importance of nurturing trusting relationships to embed shared decision-making during pregnancy and childbirth","volume":"98","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2010.11.007","article-title":"\u2018Not enough people to look after you\u2019: an exploration of women\u2019s experiences of childbirth in the Republic of Ireland","volume":"28","author":"Larkin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0230","first-page":"13","article-title":"A health service to be ashamed of?","volume":"25","author":"Irish Nurses and Midwives Organisation","year":"2017","journal-title":"WIN World Irish Nurs. Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0235","article-title":"Interventions to improve wellbeing among obstetricians and midwives at Cork University Maternity Hospital","author":"O\u2019Riordan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Irish J. Med. Sci. 1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0240","series-title":"Overview Report of HIQA\u2019s Monitoring Programme Against the National Standards for Safer Better Maternity Services, With a Focus on Obstetric Emergencies","author":"Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA)","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0245","first-page":"589","article-title":"Introduction: understanding and treating burnout in a changing culture: in session","author":"Farber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychother. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002_bib0250","series-title":"Crisis in Education: Stress and Burnout in an American Teacher","author":"Farber","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["Women and Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519221001037?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519221001037?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:38:56Z","timestamp":1761730736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871519221001037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871519221001037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-5192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-5192","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A participatory action research study exploring midwives\u2019 understandings of the concept of burnout in Ireland","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Women and Birth","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2021.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}