{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T07:22:03Z","timestamp":1789111323324,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Women and Birth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T09:42:26Z","timestamp":1652434946000},"page":"e1-e9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Challenges of rural women living with obstetric fistula: A phenomenological study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Odonkor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora N.","family":"Yeboah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2012.00325.x","article-title":"A framework for analyzing the determinants of obstetric fistula formation","volume":"43","author":"Wall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stud. Family Plan."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20265","article-title":"Obstetric fistula in low- and middle-income countries. Mount Sinai","volume":"78","author":"Capes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mount Sinai J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.IJPH_2_18","article-title":"Obstetric fistula: a challenge to public health","volume":"63","author":"Swain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib4","unstructured":"UNFPA, 2018. Obstetric Fistula: Retrieved from; \u3008https:\/\/www.unfpa.org\/obstetric-fistula\u3009."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0605-1","article-title":"Consequences of obstetric fistula in sub-Sahara African countries, from patients\u2019 perspective: a systematic review of qualitative studies","volume":"18","author":"Bashah","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC women's health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-010-1236-8","article-title":"Childbirth experiences of women with obstetric fistula in Tanzania and Uganda and their implications for fistula program development","volume":"22","author":"Bangser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2008.09.005","article-title":"Social implications of obstetric fistula: an integrative review","volume":"54","author":"Roush","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Midwifery Women's Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib8","first-page":"499","article-title":"The lived experience of Malawian women with obstetric fistula","volume":"11","author":"Yeakey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cult. Health\u00a0Sex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib9","series-title":"African Womanhood and Incontinent Bodies","first-page":"125","article-title":"Rationalising fistulas: a cultural influence and response","author":"Gatwiri","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib10","first-page":"52","article-title":"Obstetric fistula: existing challenge of developing countries","volume":"24","author":"Katel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brief Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib11","first-page":"15","article-title":"Living with constant leaking of urine and odour: Thematic analysis of socio-cultural experiences of women affected by obstetric fistula in rural Tanzania","author":"Mselle","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Women's Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib12","first-page":"19","article-title":"Reasons for delay in seeking treatment among women with obstetric fistula in Tanzania: a qualitative study","volume":"93","author":"Lyimo","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Women's Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2017.03.013","article-title":"Exploring the needs and challenges of women reintegrating after obstetric fistula repair in northern Ghana","volume":"50","author":"Jarvis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib14","article-title":"Reintegration of women post obstetric fistula repair: experience of family caregivers","volume":"4","author":"Jarvis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. Qual. Nurs. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0692-y","article-title":"A grounded theory of regaining normalcy and reintegration of women with obstetric fistula in Kenya","volume":"16","author":"Khisa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib16","unstructured":"ICS, 2019. Obstetric fistula in the developing world: an introduction. Retrieved from \u3008https:\/\/www.ics.org\/.\/publicawareness\/obstetricfistulaanintroduction\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.29063\/ajrh2016\/v20i3.16","article-title":"Obstetric fistula: a narrative review of the literature on preventive Interventions in Sub-Sahara Africa","author":"Lufumpa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. J. Reprod. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib18","unstructured":"Woebeogo, M., Azongo, T.B., Yakong, V. , 2016. Bio-psycho-social impact and challenges of Obstetric Fistula on women in northern Ghana. Journal of Nursing and Health Science. (DANSO, 2007)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib19","unstructured":"Nuertey, B.D. , 2013. Risk factors for obstetric fistula among women seeking care in the Tamale metropolis. University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. Available at; \u3008ugspace.ug.edu.gh\/handle\/123456789\/5525?show=fu\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib20","unstructured":"WHO , 2018. Obstetric Fistula. Retrieved from: \u3008https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/facts-in-pictures\/detail\/10-facts-on-obstetric-fistula\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.06.019","article-title":"Where should obstetric vesico-vaginal fistulas be repaired: At the district general hospital or a specialized fistula center?","volume":"99","author":"Wall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.12.019","article-title":"Prevalence of obstetric fistula in Malawi","volume":"109","author":"Kalilani-Phiri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib23","first-page":"26","article-title":"Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at komfo anokye teaching hospital, kumasi, ghana","volume":"41","author":"Turpin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ghana Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib24","first-page":"77","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","author":"Braun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib25","unstructured":"Caulfield, J. , 2019, September 6. How to do thematic analysis. Retrieved from Scribbr: \u3008https:\/\/www.scribbr.com\/methodology\/thematic-analysis\/\u3009."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v11i1.1900","article-title":"Factors that impact the timely treatment of obstetric fistulas in Malawi: the perspective of health care providers","volume":"11","author":"Gondwe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Afr. J. Prim. Health Care Fam. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib27","unstructured":"Marfo, H., Hayter, M., & Larenson, M. , 2016. An integrative review on women living with obstetric fistula and after treatment experiences. University of Hull Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5250843","article-title":"The experience of women with obstetric fistula following corrective surgery: a qualitative study in Benadir and Mudug Regions, Somalia","volume":"2018","author":"Mohamed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib29","article-title":"Experiences of women with obstetric fistula in the Bawku East District ofthe Upper East Region","author":"Aboakaiagana","year":"2010","journal-title":"University of Ghana Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib30","unstructured":"Aryeija, W. , 2014. Experiences, psychosocial challenges and social integration of women with obstetric fistula in selected hospitals in central and Western Uganda."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S68382","article-title":"A qualitative study of the experience of obstetric fistula survivors in Addis Ababa Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Gebresilase","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S110202","article-title":"Experiences of social support among women presenting for obstetric fistula repair surgery in Tanzania","volume":"8","author":"Dennis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Women's Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Social support among women with genital fistula in Uganda","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cult. Health\u00a0Sex."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001_bib34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of obstetric fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Adler","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC pregnancy and childbirth"}],"container-title":["Women and Birth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519222000518?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871519222000518?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:43:11Z","timestamp":1761730991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871519222000518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1871519222000518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-5192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-5192","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Challenges of rural women living with obstetric fistula: A phenomenological study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Women and Birth","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2022.04.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}