{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T08:15:48Z","timestamp":1778919348567,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["fertstertscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["F&amp;S Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:31:30Z","timestamp":1767832290000},"page":"235-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enzymatic and genetic evaluation of butyrylcholinesterase in male infertility"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Rabia","family":"Habib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khulah","family":"Sadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed M.","family":"Nurulain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuha","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleena","family":"Rafique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahnoor","family":"Atequite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabir","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ammara","family":"Younas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.02.013","article-title":"Proteomics, oxidative stress and male infertility","volume":"29","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00459-w","article-title":"Male infertility","volume":"9","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.2.362","article-title":"Outcome of conventional IVF and ICSI on sibling oocytes in mild male factor infertility","volume":"17","author":"Plachot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001356","article-title":"National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys","volume":"9","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1","article-title":"A unique view on male infertility around the globe","volume":"13","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib6","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Sperm disorders and aetiologies of male infertility in Pakistan: meta-analyses and review","volume":"2","author":"Irfan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Austin J Reprod Med Infertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e442","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa781","article-title":"Male infertility due to testicular disorders","volume":"106","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2024.12.010","article-title":"Impact of varicocele embolization on DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in male infertility","volume":"36","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-017-0713-8","article-title":"The role of varicocele in male factor subfertility","volume":"18","author":"Sedaghatpour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2024.04.003","article-title":"Male reproductive endocrine disorders","volume":"51","author":"McCoskey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072270","article-title":"FSH for the treatment of male infertility","volume":"21","author":"Casarini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2022.102333","article-title":"The use of hormone stimulation in male infertility","volume":"68","author":"Foran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000001231","article-title":"Medical therapy for male infertility","volume":"35","author":"Pozzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603569","article-title":"Environmental contaminants affecting fertility and somatic health","volume":"35","author":"Chiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_148_19","article-title":"Chronic exposure to organophosphate pesticides as an important challenge in promoting reproductive health: a comparative study","volume":"8","author":"Ghafouri-Khosrowshahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-023-01578-z","article-title":"Lifestyle and environmental risk factors for unexplained male infertility: study protocol for Australian Male Infertility Exposure (AMIE), a case-control study","volume":"20","author":"Biggs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib17","article-title":"[Diagnosis and treatment of male infertility]","volume":"183","author":"Fode","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23530","article-title":"Antioxidant enzymes and association of CAT SNP-21 A\/T (rs7943316) with male infertility","volume":"88","author":"Sadia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13126","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress, infection and inflammation in male infertility","volume":"50","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9030219","article-title":"Efficacy of antioxidant supplementation on conventional and advanced sperm function tests in patients with idiopathic male infertility","volume":"9","author":"Arafa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2019.1633917","article-title":"Contemporary genetics-based diagnostics of male infertility","volume":"19","author":"Ferlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13586","article-title":"Role of genetics and epigenetics in male infertility","volume":"53","author":"Gunes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30040-7","article-title":"Novel concepts in the aetiology of male reproductive impairment","volume":"5","author":"Tournaye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib24","first-page":"306","article-title":"Sperm DNA Fragmentation: causes, evaluation and management in male infertility","volume":"28","author":"Andrabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"JBRA Assist Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810167","article-title":"Sperm DNA fragmentation: unraveling its imperative impact on male infertility based on recent evidence","volume":"25","author":"Stavros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13706","article-title":"Etiologies of sperm DNA damage and its impact on male infertility","volume":"53","author":"Panner Selvam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2021.102101","article-title":"Relationship between nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial DNA damage and standard sperm parameters in spermatozoa of infertile patients with leukocytospermia","volume":"50","author":"Derbel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-82990-1_13","article-title":"Sperm DNA fragmentation and fertility","volume":"1469","author":"Marinaro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp048","article-title":"World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics","volume":"16","author":"Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.200128","article-title":"Sperm DNA fragmentation: a new guideline for clinicians","volume":"38","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62391-2","article-title":"Structure and functions of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase","volume":"98","author":"Massouli\u00e9","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1035","article-title":"Neurobiology of butyrylcholinesterase","volume":"4","author":"Darvesh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110680","article-title":"Butyrylcholinesterase and lipid metabolism: possible dual role in metabolic disorders","volume":"383","author":"Furtado-Alle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14060679","article-title":"New heterostilbene and triazole oximes as potential CNS-active and cholinesterase-targeted therapeutics","volume":"14","author":"Mlaki\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00453a015","article-title":"Structure of the gene for human butyrylcholinesterase. Evidence for a single copy","volume":"29","author":"Arpagaus","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.6b00228","article-title":"Naturally occurring genetic variants of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase and their potential impact on the risk of toxicity from cholinesterase inhibitors","volume":"29","author":"Lockridge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.15.1.27","article-title":"E1k, another quantitative variant at cholinesterase locus 1","volume":"15","author":"Rubinstein","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.892982","article-title":"Butyrylcholinesterase K variant and Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122048","article-title":"Complement component C3 and butyrylcholinesterase activity are associated with neurodegeneration and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Aeinehband","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-021-10125-z","article-title":"Genetic association of butyrylcholinesterase with major depressive disorder","volume":"60","author":"Awan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.09.008","article-title":"Influence of genetic polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein (APOE) and the butyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) gene on stress markers in older adults: a 3-year study","volume":"30","author":"Fiocco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.08.068","article-title":"1914G variant of BCHE gene associated with enzyme activity, obesity and triglyceride levels","volume":"532","author":"Lima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-025-01715-7","article-title":"Association of BCHE gene SNP rs1803274 (K-variant) and rs3495 with obesity in Pakistani population group","volume":"49","author":"Amir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-015-0128-8","article-title":"The rs1803274 polymorphism of the BCHE gene is associated with an increased risk of coronary in-stent restenosis","volume":"15","author":"Pleva","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib45","first-page":"779","article-title":"Association of a polymorphism of BCHE with ischemic stroke in Japanese individuals with chronic kidney disease","volume":"2","author":"Oguri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2008.04.019","article-title":"Association of variants of the -116 site of the butyrylcholinesterase BCHE gene to enzyme activity and body mass index","volume":"175","author":"Furtado-Alle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0123","article-title":"Effect of BCHE single nucleotide polymorphisms on lipid metabolism markers in women","volume":"40","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1251-7","article-title":"Biochemical analysis and association of butyrylcholinesterase SNPs rs3495 and rs1803274 with substance abuse disorder","volume":"67","author":"Munir","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib49","first-page":"1597","article-title":"Molecular interaction of inhibitors with human brain butyrylcholinesterase","volume":"20","author":"Shakil","year":"2021","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6793","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c00355","article-title":"Butyrylcholinesterase-activated near-infrared fluorogenic probe for in vivo theranostics of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00144-8","article-title":"Improved determination of acetylcholinesterase activity in human whole blood","volume":"288","author":"Worek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5444","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.19.5444","article-title":"A rapid non-enzymatic method for the preparation of HMW DNA from blood for RFLP studies","volume":"19","author":"Lahiri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.5.1152","article-title":"Allele specific amplification by tetra-primer PCR","volume":"20","author":"Ye","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.08.015","article-title":"Male infertility as a window to health","volume":"110","author":"Choy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012","article-title":"Fertility and infertility: definition and epidemiology","volume":"62","author":"Vander Borght","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib56","first-page":"157","article-title":"Effect of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase on intrauterine insemination, contribution to inflammations, oxidative stress and antioxidant status; a preliminary report","volume":"17","author":"Haghnazari","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Reprod Infertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30940-8","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as markers of low-grade systemic inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30932-9","article-title":"Association between butyrylcholinesterase activity and low-grade systemic inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Lamp\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.36290\/vnl.2021.027","article-title":"Pomer butyrylchol\u00ednester\u00e1za\/HDL-cholesterol a aterog\u00e9nny index plazmy u pacientov so steat\u00f3zou pe\u010dene [Serum butyrylcholinesterase\/HDL-cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index of plasma in patients with fatty liver disease]","volume":"67","author":"Tureck\u00fd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vnitr Lek"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510260296564","article-title":"Butyrylcholinesterase activity and risk factors for coronary artery disease","volume":"62","author":"Alc\u00e2ntara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1515\/labmed-2015-0086","article-title":"Butyrylcholinesterase as an additional marker in the diagnostic network of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"40","author":"Kocaba\u015f","year":"2016","journal-title":"LaboratoriumsMedizin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12051154","article-title":"Decreased activity of circulating butyrylcholinesterase in blood is an independent prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"Klocker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4604","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i29.4604","article-title":"Alterations of serum cholinesterase in patients with gastric cancer","volume":"11","author":"Gu","year":"2005","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(87)90031-X","article-title":"Serum pseudocholinesterase in psychiatric patients","volume":"22","author":"Modai","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/274607","article-title":"Reduced serum butyrylcholinesterase activity indicates severe systemic inflammation in critically Ill patients","volume":"2015","author":"Zivkovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib66","first-page":"25","article-title":"\u00c9tude de l'activit\u00e9 pseudocholinest\u00e9rasique chez des patients bipolaires de type 1 [Pseudocholinesterase activity in type 1 bipolar patients]","volume":"70","author":"Ezzaher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Biol Clin (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.12-0144-FS","article-title":"Occupational exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides affects sperm chromatin integrity and reproductive hormone levels among Venezuelan farm workers","volume":"55","author":"Miranda-Contreras","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.03.038","article-title":"Analysis of cholinesterases in human prostate and sperm: implications in cancer and fertility","volume":"187","author":"Nieto-Cer\u00f3n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282579","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and association of ACHE SNP rs 17228602 with male infertility","volume":"18","author":"Sadia","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2019.12.008","article-title":"Male infertility and somatic health","volume":"47","author":"Murshidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/2.9.669","article-title":"Mutations in the cystic fibrosis gene in men with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens","volume":"2","author":"De Braekeleer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1613608","article-title":"Meiotic failure in male mice lacking an X-linked factor","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07200-y","article-title":"Association between the single nucleotide variants of the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene (MT-CYB) and the male infertility","volume":"49","author":"Saleh Jaweesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00936-z","article-title":"Identification of deleterious variants in patients with male infertility due to idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.115195","article-title":"Dysregulation of butyrylcholinesterase, BCHE gene SNP rs1803274, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in occupational workers","volume":"220","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6432","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176432","article-title":"Oxidative stress and analysis of selected SNPs of ACHE (rs 2571598), BCHE (rs 3495), CAT (rs 7943316), SIRT1 (rs 10823108), GSTP1 (rs 1695), and gene GSTM1, GSTT1 in chronic organophosphates exposed groups from Cameroon and Pakistan","volume":"21","author":"Mbah Ntepe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["F&amp;S Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666335X26000017?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666335X26000017?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T08:05:41Z","timestamp":1778918741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666335X26000017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666335X26000017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-335X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-335X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Enzymatic and genetic evaluation of butyrylcholinesterase in male infertility","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"F&S Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.12.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}