{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T18:17:37Z","timestamp":1771870657884,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jtcvsopen.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JTCVS Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T19:04:12Z","timestamp":1759345452000},"page":"101454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Computational fluid dynamics as an objective measure for assessing congenital tracheal stenosis: Proof-of-concept study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Rutter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tjasa","family":"Zaletel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Capelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagarajan","family":"Muthialu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308044","article-title":"Computational fluid dynamics modelling in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"102","author":"Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00742","article-title":"Application of patient-specific computational fluid dynamics in coronary and intra-cardiac flow simulations: challenges and opportunities","volume":"9","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2022.111092","article-title":"In vitro measurement of hepatic flow distribution in Fontan vascular conduits: towards rapid validation techniques","volume":"137","author":"Rasooli","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-13-85","article-title":"Computational fluid dynamics simulation of airflow in the trachea and main bronchi for the subjects with left pulmonary artery sling","volume":"13","author":"Qi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2013.776548","article-title":"Comparative analysis of realistic CT-scan and simplified human airway models in airflow simulation","volume":"18","author":"Johari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib6","article-title":"Computational evaluation of surgical design for multisegmental complex congenital tracheal stenosis","volume":"2020","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0540-y","article-title":"Computational modeling of airway instability and collapse in tracheomalacia","volume":"18","author":"Hollister","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-017-0879-0","article-title":"Airflow in tracheobronchial tree of subjects with tracheal bronchus simulated using CT image-based models and CFD method","volume":"42","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2017.10.018","article-title":"Computational fluid dynamics evaluation of excessive dynamic airway collapse","volume":"50","author":"Taherian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-022-05228-6","article-title":"Computational fluid dynamics assessment of congenital tracheal stenosis","volume":"38","author":"Morita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(03)00126-X","article-title":"Slide tracheoplasty for the management of complete tracheal rings","volume":"38","author":"Rutter","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31877","article-title":"Airway management with congenital tracheal stenosis: surgical and anesthetic consideration","volume":"135","author":"Kanavitoon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2019.109814","article-title":"Slide tracheoplasty: predictors of outcomes and literature review","volume":"130","author":"Wertz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419826601","article-title":"The application of computational fluid dynamics in the evaluation of laryngotracheal pathology","volume":"128","author":"Mason","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.07.009","article-title":"A preliminary study of computer-assisted evaluation of congenital tracheal stenosis: a new tool for surgical decision-making","volume":"76","author":"Mimouni-Benabu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/2162-3619-1-23","article-title":"Numerical analysis of airflow alteration in central airways following tracheobronchial stent placement","volume":"1","author":"Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3494","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-021-02841-9","article-title":"Effects of uncertainty of outlet boundary conditions in a patient-specific case of aortic coarctation","volume":"49","author":"Antonuccio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-018-0497-1","article-title":"The effect of inlet and outlet boundary conditions in image-based CFD modeling of aortic flow","volume":"17","author":"Madhavan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-025-01351-2","article-title":"A review on diagnostic assessments of tracheal stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Monjezi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1159\/000330838","article-title":"Thin bronchoscope for evaluating stenotic airways during stenting procedures","volume":"82","author":"Oki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.66.12.1383","article-title":"Ultrathin flexible bronchoscopy in neonatal intensive care units","volume":"66","author":"de Blic","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1395500","article-title":"Rigid bronchoscopy","volume":"35","author":"Alraiyes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-22-779","article-title":"Innovation in rigid bronchoscopy-past, present, and future","volume":"15","author":"Aravena","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib26","first-page":"S352","article-title":"Rigid bronchoscopy and silicone stents in the management of central airway obstruction","volume":"7","author":"Semaan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2024.11.038","article-title":"Slide tracheoplasty in long segment tracheobronchial stenosis","volume":"120","author":"Beeman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae026","article-title":"Surgery for tracheal and laryngotracheal stenosis: a historical case series","volume":"65","author":"Mammana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2024.11.017","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of factors contributing to poor prognosis among 271 pediatric patients with tracheal stenosis treated with slide tracheoplasty","volume":"170","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000186657.62474.88","article-title":"Objective sizing of upper airway stenosis: a quantitative endoscopic approach","volume":"116","author":"Nouraei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezac070","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of pulmonary artery sling and congenital tracheal stenosis with right lung anomaly","volume":"61","author":"Wada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-015-1325-4","article-title":"Effects of CT resolution and radiodensity threshold on the CFD evaluation of nasal airflow","volume":"54","author":"Quadrio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01729.x","article-title":"Utility of multidetector CT and virtual bronchoscopy in tracheobronchial obstruction in children","volume":"99","author":"Sodhi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.104099","article-title":"The effect of airway motion and breathing phase during imaging on CFD simulations of respiratory airflow","volume":"127","author":"Gunatilaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"}],"container-title":["JTCVS Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666273625003249?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666273625003249?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T17:30:38Z","timestamp":1771867838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666273625003249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S2666273625003249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-2736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-2736","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Computational fluid dynamics as an objective measure for assessing congenital tracheal stenosis: Proof-of-concept study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JTCVS Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xjon.2025.09.027","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101454"}}