{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:08:18Z","timestamp":1789178898969,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.jp","jtcvsopen.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JTCVS Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T17:05:29Z","timestamp":1767891929000},"page":"101578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Crystalloid cardioplegia versus cold blood cardioplegia in aortic arch surgery: A noninferiority randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Shota","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiro","family":"Yamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kawabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironaga","family":"Shiraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunya","family":"Chomei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Ohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taishi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Henmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezw228","article-title":"Cardioplegia: solutions or strategies?","volume":"50","author":"Buckberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib2","first-page":"428","article-title":"Safety of prolonged aortic clamping with blood cardioplegia. III. Aspartate enrichment of glutamate-blood cardioplegia in energy-depleted hearts after ischemic and reperfusion injury","volume":"91","author":"Rosencranz","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib3","first-page":"I331","article-title":"Is blood superior to crystalloid cardioplegia? A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"114","author":"Guru","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2013.06.005","article-title":"Cold blood versus crystalloid cardioplegia for myocardial protection in adult cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies","volume":"28","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1177\/0267659112453754","article-title":"Is there any difference between blood and crystalloid cardioplegia for myocardial protection during cardiac surgery? A meta-analysis of 5576 patients from 36 randomized trials","volume":"27","author":"S\u00e1","year":"2012","journal-title":"Perfusion"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2022.01.044","article-title":"Clinical impact of del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"166","author":"Garc\u00eda-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.54.2.193","article-title":"Cellular protection during myocardial ischemia; the development and characterization of a procedure for the induction of reversible ischemic arrest","volume":"54","author":"Hearse","year":"1976","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"The St. Thomas\u2019 hospital cardioplegic solution: a characterization in two species","volume":"30","author":"Jynge","year":"1981","journal-title":"Scand J Thorac Cardiothorac Surg Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)37999-1","article-title":"Comparison of single-dose and multiple dose crystalloid and blood potassium cardioplegia during prolonged hypothermic aortic occlusion","volume":"79","author":"Takamoto","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.60.3.547","article-title":"Left ventricular volume from paired biplane two-dimensional echocardiography","volume":"60","author":"Schiller","year":"1979","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.08.039","article-title":"Recent advancements of total aortic arch replacement","volume":"144","author":"Okada","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.11.070","article-title":"Total arch replacement using antegrade cerebral perfusion","volume":"145","author":"Okita","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.02.056","article-title":"Biomarkers in acute cardiac disease: the present and the future","volume":"48","author":"Jaffe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.479","article-title":"Commonly used surrogates for baseline renal function affect the classification and prognosis of acute kidney injury","volume":"77","author":"Siew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.194","article-title":"Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic","volume":"289","author":"Redfield","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2022.01.044","article-title":"Clinical impact of del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery: a prospective randomized trial","volume":"166","author":"Garc\u00eda-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"28","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)00359-8","article-title":"Antegrade crystalloid cardioplegia vs antegrade\/retrograde cold and tepid blood cardioplegia in CABG","volume":"68","author":"Elwatidy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60159-2","article-title":"Right ventricular function: a comparison between blood and crystalloid cardioplegia","volume":"43","author":"Mullen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"II155","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.9.155","article-title":"Early changes in regional and global left ventricular function after aortic valve replacement","volume":"92","author":"Jin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015502","article-title":"Stunned and hibernating myocardium: where are we nearly 4 decades later?","volume":"9","author":"Kloner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(93)91104-U","article-title":"Lidocaine cardioplegia for prevention of reperfusion ventricular fibrillation","volume":"55","author":"Baraka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60134-8","article-title":"Electrical behavior of the heart following high-potassium cardioplegia","volume":"36","author":"Tchervenkov","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"}],"container-title":["JTCVS Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266627362600001X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266627362600001X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:32:02Z","timestamp":1789176722000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S266627362600001X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S266627362600001X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-2736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-2736","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Crystalloid cardioplegia versus cold blood cardioplegia in aortic arch surgery: A noninferiority randomized trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JTCVS Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xjon.2026.101578","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101578"}}