{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:45:05Z","timestamp":1762998305192,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nassopenaccess.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]],"date-time":"2020-12-13T08:46:27Z","timestamp":1607849187000},"page":"100043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Towards a validated patient-specific computational modeling framework to identify failure regions in traditional growing rods in patients with early onset scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Aakash","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Kodigudla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amey","family":"Kelkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daksh","family":"Jayaswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Palepu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.07.013","article-title":"Active apex correction: an overview of the modified SHILLA technique and its clinical efficacy","volume":"11","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Orthopaed Trauma"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816c8b4e","article-title":"Dual growing rod technique followed for three to eleven years until final fusion: the effect of frequency of lengthening","volume":"33","author":"Akbarnia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000179082.92712.89","article-title":"Comparison of single and dual growing rod techniques followed through definite surgery: a preliminary study","volume":"30","author":"Thompson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.2019-0041","article-title":"Device-related complications associated with MAGEC rod usage for distraction-based correction of scoliosis","volume":"4","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine Surg Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219859836","article-title":"Active apex correction with guided growth technique for controlling spinal deformity in growing children: a modified SHILLA technique","volume":"10","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Spine J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2018.09.061","article-title":"Spring distraction system for early onset scoliosis provides continuous distraction without a potential increase in rod fractures, compared to traditional growing rods","volume":"6","author":"Lemans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.01083","article-title":"Shilla growth guidance for early-onset scoliosis: results after a minimum of five years of follow-up","volume":"97","author":"McCarthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.2019-0045","article-title":"Active apex correction (Modified SHILLA Technique) versus distraction-based growth rod fixation: what do the correction parameters say?","volume":"4","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine Surg Relat Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181c6edd7","article-title":"Comparison of complications among growing spinal implants","volume":"35","author":"Sankar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0010","first-page":"334","article-title":"Complications incidence in the treatment of early onset scoliosis with growing spinal implants","volume":"176","author":"Greggi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001267","article-title":"Implant failure of titanium versus cobalt-chromium growing rods in early-onset scoliosis","volume":"41","author":"Shinohara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01471","article-title":"Complications of growing-rod treatment for early-onset scoliosis: analysis of one hundred and forty patients","volume":"92","author":"Bess","year":"2010","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2018.12.5.794","article-title":"Magnetically controlled growing rods: the experience of mechanical failure from a single center consecutive series of 28 children with a minimum follow-up of 2 Years","volume":"12","author":"Beaven","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4929-y","article-title":"Magnetically controlled growing rod in early onset scoliosis: a 30-case multicenter study","volume":"26","author":"Lebon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5590-4","article-title":"Systematic review of the complications associated with magentically controlled growing rods for the treatment of early onset scoliosis","volume":"27","author":"Thakar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.07.091","article-title":"Rod breakage in Shilla growth guidance constructs: when where and why?","volume":"17","author":"Cryar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.04.020","article-title":"Retrieval and clinical analysis of distraction-based dual growing rod constructs for early-onset scoliosis","volume":"17","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(97)00018-1","article-title":"Finite element models in tissue mechanics and orthopaedic implant design","volume":"12","author":"Prendergast","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-91","article-title":"Custom-designed orthopedic implants evaluated using finite element analysis of patient-specific computed tomography data: femoral-component case study","volume":"8","author":"Harrysson","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskel Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.75B3.8496225","article-title":"Total hip reconstruction in acetabular dysplasia. A finite element study","volume":"75","author":"Schuller","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4023988","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of an endplate-conformed polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite intervertebral fusion graft and its comparison with a typical nonconformed cortical graft","volume":"135","author":"Agarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0022","first-page":"75","article-title":"Finite element analysis","volume":"10","author":"Kiapour","year":"2015"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1291","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000540","article-title":"Specimen-specific nonlinear finite element modeling to predict vertebrae fracture loads after vertebroplasty","volume":"39","author":"Matsuura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0024","article-title":"Comparison of patient-specific computational models vs. clinical follow-up, for adjacent segment disc degeneration and bone remodelling after spinal fusion","volume":"13","author":"van Rijsbergen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"year":"2012","series-title":"Patient-specific modeling in tomorrow's medicine","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0026","article-title":"Development of a patient-specific finite element model for predicting implant failure in pelvic ring fracture fixation","author":"Shim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2015.03.012","article-title":"Subject specific finite element modeling of periprosthetic femoral fractures using element deviation to simulate bone failure","volume":"37","author":"Miles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0028","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards a patient-specific estimation of intra-operative femoral fracture risk","volume":"27","author":"Esposito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2009.03.009","article-title":"Subject specific finite element analysis of implant stability for a cementless femoral stem","volume":"24","author":"Pettersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23744","article-title":"Influence of collars on the primary stability of cementless femoral stems: a finite element study using a diverse patient cohort","volume":"36","author":"Al-Dirini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthoped Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2008.11.015","article-title":"Risk of failure during gait for direct skeletal attachment of a femoral prosthesis: a finite element study","volume":"31","author":"Helgason","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.2319\/120514-875.1","article-title":"Maximum principal strain as a criterion for prediction of orthodontic mini-implants failure in subject specific finite element models","volume":"86","author":"Albogha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.09.002","article-title":"How does implant distribution affect 3D correction and bone-screw forces in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis spinal instrumentation?","volume":"39","author":"Le Nav\u00e9aux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2016.10.002","article-title":"How does differential rod contouring contribute to 3-dimensional correction and affect the bone-screw forces in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis instrumentation?","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0035","first-page":"13","article-title":"Biomechanical effect of pedicle screw distribution in AIS instrumentation using a segmental translation technique: computer modeling and simulation","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scol Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E221","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002286","article-title":"Patient-specific distraction regimen to avoid growth-rod failure","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2014.08.004","article-title":"Smaller interval distractions may reduce chances of growth rod breakage without impeding desired spinal growth: a finite element study","volume":"2","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2016.09.047","article-title":"Outcomes of optimal distraction forces and frequencies in growth rod surgery for different types of scoliotic curves: an in silico and in vitro study","volume":"5","author":"Agarwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2015.04.003","article-title":"Distraction magnitude and frequency affect the outcome in juvenile idiopathic patients with growth rods: finite element study using a representative scoliotic spine model","volume":"15","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspd.2014.03.007","article-title":"Effect of distraction force on growth and biomechanics of the spine: a finite element study on normal juvenile spine with dual growth rod instrumentation","volume":"2","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0041","first-page":"537","article-title":"Lenke classification system of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: treatment recommendations","volume":"54","author":"Lenke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Instruct Course Lect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-012-0459-2","article-title":"Classification of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)","volume":"7","author":"Ovadia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Orthopaed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0043","series-title":"Mitigating biomechanical complications of growth rods in juvenile idiopathic scoliosis","first-page":"1824","author":"Agarwal","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-015-1701-7","article-title":"Reliability analysis of Cobb angle measurements of congenital scoliosis using X-ray and 3D-CT images","volume":"26","author":"Tauchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.02.020","article-title":"Reliability assessment of Cobb angle measurements using manual and digital methods","volume":"10","author":"Tanure","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198207000-00009","article-title":"Analysis and quantitative measurements of loads on the lumbar spine when holding weights in standing posture","volume":"7","author":"Schultz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0047","article-title":"Quantitative characteristics of consecutive lengthening episodes in early onset scoliosis (EOS) patients with dual growth rods","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2018.1508571","article-title":"Uncertainty analysis of material properties and morphology parameters in numerical models regarding the motion of lumbar vertebral segments","volume":"21","author":"Schlager","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng"}],"container-title":["North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666548420300433?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666548420300433?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:41:28Z","timestamp":1762998088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666548420300433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S2666548420300433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-5484"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2666-5484"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Towards a validated patient-specific computational modeling framework to identify failure regions in traditional growing rods in patients with early onset scoliosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100043","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of North American Spine Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100043"}}