{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T05:47:32Z","timestamp":1789796852728,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nassopenaccess.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T02:34:20Z","timestamp":1646188460000},"page":"100108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The sitting vs standing spine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4250-574X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Tsagkaris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3676-008X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Wanivenhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2907-6263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Redaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Lamartina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazda","family":"Farshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.201704","article-title":"Complication rate during multilevel lumbar fusion in patients above 60 years","volume":"51","author":"Mahesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Orthopaed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001509010020","article-title":"Risk of complications in spine surgery: a prospective study","volume":"9","author":"Reis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Orthopaed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E187","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003777","article-title":"Complication rates after elective lumbar fusion procedures in patients with oral preoperative corticosteroid use","volume":"46","author":"Roberts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0004","first-page":"144","article-title":"Complications in spine surgery: a review","volume":"13","author":"Nasser","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181ccc220","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of lumbar fusion among workers\u2019 compensation subjects: a historical cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semss.2020.100787","article-title":"A review of preoperative planning technologies for spinal deformity correction","volume":"32","author":"Floyd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.2.SPINE17749","article-title":"The value of sitting radiographs: analysis of spine flexibility and its utility in preoperative planning for adult spinal deformity surgery","volume":"29","author":"Janjua","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2015.00178","article-title":"Planning the surgical correction of spinal deformities: toward the identification of the biomechanical principles by means of numerical simulation","volume":"3","author":"Galbusera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114075","article-title":"Natural patterns of sitting, standing and stepping during and outside work\u2014differences between habitual users and non-users of sit\u2013stand workstations","volume":"17","author":"Renaud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3181e373a2","article-title":"Too much sitting: the population-health science of sedentary behavior","volume":"38","author":"Owen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzaa212","article-title":"Patterns of sitting, standing, and stepping after lower limb amputation","volume":"101","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149320","article-title":"European sitting championship: prevalence and correlates of self-reported sitting time in the 28 European Union Member states","volume":"11","author":"Loyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000960","article-title":"Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Stockwell","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exercise Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0014","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of sitting in European adults - a comparison of 32 Eurobarometer-participating countries","volume":"10","author":"Bennie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutrit Phys Activity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000960","article-title":"Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Stockwell","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exercise Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2018.10.3.322","article-title":"Spinopelvic orientation on radiographs in various body postures: upright standing, chair sitting, Japanese style kneel sitting, and korean style cross-legged sitting","volume":"10","author":"Moon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Orthoped Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03777-2","article-title":"Differences in standing and sitting spinopelvic sagittal alignment for patients with posterior lumbar fusion: important considerations for the changes of unfused adjacent segments lordosis","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskel Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2012.51.1.20","article-title":"A comparison study on the change in lumbar lordosis when standing, sitting on a chair, and sitting on the floor in normal individuals","volume":"51","author":"Bae","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2018.08.03","article-title":"The effect of standing vs. variants of the seated position on lumbar intersegmental angulation and spacing: a radiographic study of 20 asymptomatic subjects","volume":"4","author":"Alamin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Spine Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.22603\/ssrr.2017-0074","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of spinopelvic sagittal alignment from sitting to standing position","volume":"2","author":"Suzuki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine Surg Rel Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.04.020","article-title":"Lumbar spine angles and intervertebral disc characteristics with end-range positions in three planes of motion in healthy people using upright MRI","volume":"89","author":"Berry","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568220939527","article-title":"Seated lateral X-ray is a better stress radiograph of the lumbar spine compared to standing flexion","volume":"11","author":"Sielatycki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/184016","article-title":"The spinal curvature of three different sitting positions analysed in an open MRI scanner","volume":"2012","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scient World J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.11.016","article-title":"Changes in the global spine alignment in the sitting position in an automobile","volume":"20","author":"Nishida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2016.06.015","article-title":"Sagittal lumbo-pelvic alignment in the sitting position of elderly persons","volume":"21","author":"Suzuki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthopaed Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-05891-9","article-title":"Impact of pelvic incidence on change in lumbo-pelvic sagittal alignment between sitting and standing positions","volume":"28","author":"Maekawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.06.005","article-title":"Influence of posture on relationships between pelvic parameters and lumbar lordosis: Comparison of the standing, seated, and supine positions. A preliminary study","volume":"104","author":"Chevillotte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthopaed Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-012-0281-1","article-title":"Sagittal lumbar and pelvic alignment in the standing and sitting positions","volume":"17","author":"Endo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthopaed Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2015.9.5.762","article-title":"The effect of standing and different sitting positions on lumbar lordosis: radiographic study of 30 healthy volunteers","volume":"9","author":"Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.03.056","article-title":"How the spine differs in standing and in sitting-important considerations for correction of spinal deformity","volume":"17","author":"Hey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002131","article-title":"Lumbar spine alignment in six common postures: an ROM analysis with implications for deformity correction","volume":"42","author":"Hey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E950","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003452","article-title":"Preoperative and postoperative sitting radiographs for adult spinal deformity surgery: upper instrumented vertebra selection using sitting C2 plumb line distance to prevent proximal junctional kyphosis","volume":"45","author":"Yoshida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3326-5","article-title":"Intra and inter-observer reliability of determining degree of pelvic obliquity in neuromuscular scoliosis using the EOS-CHAIR\u00ae protocol","volume":"33","author":"Rouissi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child's Nervous Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-015-3374-0","article-title":"A radiolucent chair for sitting-posture radiographs in non-ambulatory children: use in biplanar digital slot-scanning","volume":"45","author":"Bouloussa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000075","article-title":"Sitting sagittal balance is different from standing balance in children with scoliosis","volume":"34","author":"Vaughn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499018806700","article-title":"Do the dynamic stress mobility radiographs predict the postoperative vertebral height restoration, kyphosis correction, and cement volume injected after vertebroplasty for osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with intravertebral cleft?","volume":"26","author":"Chiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003670","article-title":"Risk factors predicting C- versus S-shaped sagittal spine profiles in natural, relaxed sitting: an important aspect in spinal realignment surgery","volume":"45","author":"Hey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.2.PEDS17687","article-title":"Postoperative changes in sagittal spinopelvic alignment in sitting position in adolescents with idiopathic thoracic scoliosis treated with posterior fusion: an initial analysis","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001542","article-title":"Utility of natural sitting lateral radiograph in the diagnosis of segmental instability for patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis","volume":"479","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2020.0124","article-title":"The influence of posture on instability evaluation using flexion-extension X-ray imaging in lumbar spondylolisthesis","volume":"15","author":"Inoue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000211213.98070.c2","article-title":"Positional MRI changes in supine versus sitting postures in patients with degenerative lumbar spine","volume":"19","author":"Karadimas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31826d611b","article-title":"Proximal junctional kyphosis as a distinct form of adjacent segment pathology after spinal deformity surgery: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-016-9353-8","article-title":"Proximal junctional kyphosis and failure\u2014diagnosis, prevention, and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1743-4","article-title":"The inflammatory response in the regression of lumbar disc herniation","volume":"20","author":"Cunha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.102894","article-title":"Low back pain and its relationship with sitting behaviour among sedentary office workers","volume":"81","author":"Bontrup","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0047","article-title":"Worldwide surveillance of self-reported sitting time: a scoping review","volume":"17","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutrit Phys Activity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2021-001194","article-title":"Physical activity levels, lifestyle behaviour and musculoskeletal health profiles among seated video gamers during COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Harding","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exercise Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e07335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07335","article-title":"Impact of lockdown on musculoskeletal health due to COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: a cross sectional survey study","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010031","article-title":"Musculoskeletal Pain and Teleworking in Times of the COVID-19: analysis of the Impact on the Workers at Two Spanish Universities","volume":"18","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Nogueira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9124053","article-title":"Musculoskeletal pain and non-classroom teaching in times of the covid-19 pandemic: analysis of the impact on students from two Spanish universities","volume":"9","author":"Leir\u00f3s-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05021-5","article-title":"Sagittal imbalance of the spine is associated with poor sitting posture among primary and secondary school students in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.760533","article-title":"Sitting for too long, moving too little: regular muscle contractions can reduce muscle stiffness during prolonged periods of chair-sitting","volume":"3","author":"Kett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Sports Active Living"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0054","article-title":"Socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 on spinal instrumentation companies in the era of decreased elective surgery","volume":"12","author":"Fiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2020.100003","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on spine care providers and patients","volume":"1","author":"Mattei","year":"2020","journal-title":"North Am Spine Soc J (NASSJ)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zahra W, Karia M, Rolton D. The impact of COVID-19 on elective and trauma spine service in a district general hospital. Https:\/\/DoiOrg\/101302\/2633-146216BJO-2020-0059R1 2020;1:281\u20136. doi:10.1302\/2633-1462.16.BJO-2020-0059.R1.","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.16.BJO-2020-0059.R1"}],"container-title":["North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666548422000117?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666548422000117?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:42:16Z","timestamp":1762998136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666548422000117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S2666548422000117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-5484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-5484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The sitting vs standing spine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100108","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of North American Spine Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100108"}}