{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T17:00:53Z","timestamp":1782406853435,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["nassopenaccess.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:33:47Z","timestamp":1723595627000},"page":"100548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pediatric spinal alignment and spinal development"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0939-6844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e9onard Swann","family":"Chatelain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Laure","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Khalif\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Ferrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004772","article-title":"Subclassification of sanders maturation stage 3 demonstrates differences in spine and total height velocity between 3A and 3B in patients with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"49","author":"Hori","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.23.00694","article-title":"Using the proximal femur maturity index at brace initiation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis predicts curve progression risk","volume":"106","author":"Cheung","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-06817-0","article-title":"Scoliosis and prognosis-a systematic review regarding patient-specific and radiological predictive factors for curve progression","volume":"30","author":"Lenz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-021-00457-6","article-title":"Will I Need a Brace?\u201d: likelihood of curve progression to bracing range in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198506000-00003","article-title":"Scoliosis at less than 30 degrees. Properties of the evolutivity (risk of progression)","volume":"10","author":"Duval-Beaup\u00e8re","year":"1985","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e246","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000891","article-title":"The interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the sanders classification versus the risser stage","volume":"37","author":"Vira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0007","series-title":"Maturity assessment and curve progression in girls with idiopathic scoliosis","author":"Sanders","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199409000-00003","article-title":"The Risser sign: a critical analysis","volume":"14","author":"Little","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001817","article-title":"Does the use of sanders staging and distal radius and ulna classification avoid mismatches in growth assessment with Risser staging alone?","volume":"479","author":"Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001135","article-title":"High risk of mismatch between sanders and Risser staging in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: are we guiding treatment using the wrong classification?","volume":"40","author":"Minkara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E406","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002483","article-title":"Maturity indicators and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evaluation of the sanders maturity scale","volume":"43","author":"Neal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0012","series-title":"Assessment of skeletal maturity and prediction of adult height (TW3 method)","author":"Tanner","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16996-w","article-title":"The uniform pattern of growth and skeletal maturation during the human adolescent growth spurt","volume":"7","author":"Sanders","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00004","article-title":"Predicting scoliosis progression from skeletal maturity: a simplified classification during adolescence","volume":"90","author":"Sanders","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000952","article-title":"Prediction of curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis: validation of the sanders skeletal maturity staging system","volume":"40","author":"Sitoula","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001929","article-title":"Risk of scoliosis progression in nonoperatively treated adolescent idiopathic scoliosis based on skeletal maturity","volume":"41","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0017","series-title":"Spinal anatomy, modern concepts","author":"Vital","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0018","series-title":"Le rachis en croissance. Anat. Colonne Vert\u00e9brale Nouv. Concepts","first-page":"49","author":"Dimeglio","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0019","unstructured":"Duval-Beaupere G. Pathogenic relationship between scoliosis and growth. Scoliosis Growth Proc. Third Symp. Held Inst. Dis. Chest Brompton Hosp. Lond. Zorab PA, ed., 1971, p 58-64."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0020","first-page":"111","article-title":"The Iliac apophysis; an invaluable sign in the management of scoliosis","volume":"11","author":"Risser","year":"1958","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199710010-00006","article-title":"Scoliosis and developmental theory: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"22","author":"Goldberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01439579","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis as developmental instability","volume":"96","author":"Goldberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genetica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466070-00013","article-title":"The prediction of curve progression in untreated idiopathic scoliosis during growth","volume":"66","author":"Lonstein","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0024","first-page":"667","article-title":"Scoliosis: its prognosis","volume":"18","author":"Risser","year":"1936","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01759","article-title":"A modified Risser grading system predicts the curve acceleration phase of female adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"92","author":"Nault","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199509000-00004","article-title":"The accuracy of Risser staging","volume":"20","author":"Izumi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80501-1","article-title":"Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children","volume":"107","author":"Tanner","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-1095-0","article-title":"Joseph C. Risser, Sr. 1892\u20131982","volume":"468","author":"Manring","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0019","article-title":"The timing of normal puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: variations around the world, secular trends, and changes after migration","volume":"24","author":"Parent","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0030","first-page":"137","article-title":"[The determination of bone age by the Greulich-Pyle and Tanner-Whitehouse methods as a basis for the growth prognosis of tall-stature girls]","volume":"29","author":"Kahleyss","year":"1990","journal-title":"Padiatr Grenzgeb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182471eb4","article-title":"Prediction of contralateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis using the modified Oxford bone age score","volume":"32","author":"Popejoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e546","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001232","article-title":"Humeral head ossification predicts peak height velocity timing and percentage of growth remaining in children","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.00296","article-title":"The proximal humeral ossification system improves assessment of maturity in patients with scoliosis","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000027","article-title":"Curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis does not match skeletal growth","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.05.009","article-title":"A new risk classification rule for curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine J Off J North Am Spine Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.02071","article-title":"Rate of scoliosis correction after anterior spinal growth tethering for idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"103","author":"Takahashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1483","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003643","article-title":"Thoracoscopic vertebral body tethering for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: follow-up curve behavior according to sanders skeletal maturity staging","volume":"45","author":"Alanay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-020-00226-x","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering shows mixed results at 2-year follow-up","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1925-0","article-title":"Pediatric sagittal alignment","volume":"20","author":"Mac-Thiong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2020.102769","article-title":"Sagittal balance of the spine","volume":"107","author":"Abelin-Genevois","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.22.00977","article-title":"Spinal sagittal alignment changes during childhood: results of a national cohort analysis of 1,059 healthy children","volume":"105","author":"Pesenti","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E610","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000001321","article-title":"Variation of global sagittal alignment parameters according to gender, pelvic incidence, and age","volume":"35","author":"Charles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-3150-5","article-title":"Cervical spine alignment in the pediatric population: a radiographic normative study of 150 asymptomatic patients","volume":"23","author":"Abelin-Genevois","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000175190.08134.73","article-title":"Dual growing rod technique for the treatment of progressive early-onset scoliosis: a multicenter study","volume":"30","author":"Akbarnia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31816c8b4e","article-title":"Dual growing rod technique followed for three to eleven years until final fusion: the effect of frequency of lengthening","volume":"33","author":"Akbarnia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003148","article-title":"Outcomes at Skeletal Maturity of 34 Children With Scoliosis Treated With a Traditional Single Growing Rod","volume":"44","author":"Bouthors","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07488-1","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and complications of single and dual growing rods for early-onset scoliosis: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07553-3","article-title":"Traditional versus magnetically controlled growing rods in early onset scoliosis surgical treatment","volume":"32","author":"Samadov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07787-1","article-title":"Can anterior vertebral body tethering provide superior range of motion outcomes compared to posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Spine J Off Publ Eur Spine Soc Eur Spinal Deform Soc Eur Sect Cerv Spine Res Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-023-00723-9","article-title":"Vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Roser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spine Deform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296739","article-title":"Predicting radiographic outcomes of vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients using machine learning","volume":"19","author":"Alfraihat","year":"2024","journal-title":"PloS One"}],"container-title":["North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666548424002415?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666548424002415?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T13:10:51Z","timestamp":1734527451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666548424002415"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S2666548424002415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-5484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-5484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pediatric spinal alignment and spinal development","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2024.100548","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of North American Spine Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100548"}}