{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T23:49:48Z","timestamp":1773877788385,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004331","name":"Johnson and Johnson","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009933","name":"Johnson &amp; Johnson MedTech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009933","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","nassopenaccess.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T09:44:33Z","timestamp":1758620673000},"page":"100797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prospective evaluation of mechanomyography versus triggered electromyography for intraoperative assessment of cortical breaches during instrumented lumbar surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Harshit","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Darabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4668-8512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"Farhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2003.11.010","article-title":"Biomechanical study of pedicle screw fixation in severely osteoporotic bone","volume":"4","author":"Cook","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200010000-00013","article-title":"The use of pedicle-screw internal fixation for the operative treatment of spinal disorders","volume":"82","author":"Gaines","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O.P. Gautschi, B. Schatlo, K. Schaller, et al., Clinically relevant complications related to pedicle screw placement in thoracolumbar surgery and their management: a literature review of 35,630 pedicle screws, Neurosurg Focus, 31 (4), 2011, E8.","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.7.FOCUS11168"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E., Nevzati, S., Marbacher, J., Soleman, et al., Accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the thoracic and lumbosacral spine using a conventional intraoperative fluoroscopy-guided technique: a national neurosurgical education and training center analysis of 1236 consecutive screws, World Neurosurg, 82 (5), 2014, 866, -71.e1-2..","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2014.06.023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.SPINE141323","article-title":"The use of intraoperative triggered electromyography to detect misplaced pedicle screws: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Mikula","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.P. Reddy, R. Chang, D.V. Coutinho, et al., Triggered electromyography is a useful intraoperative adjunct to predict postoperative neurological deficit following lumbar pedicle screw instrumentation, Global Spine J, 12 (5), 2022, 1003\u20131011.","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682211018472"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.06.007","article-title":"Mechanomyography for intraoperative assessment of cortical breach during instrumented spine surgery","volume":"117","author":"Zakaria","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.B. Woodward, M.J. Stokes, S.J. Shefelbine, et al., Segmenting mechanomyography measures of muscle activity phases using inertial data, Sci Rep, 9 (1), 2019, 5569.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41860-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199001000-00004","article-title":"Accuracy of pedicular screw placement in vivo","volume":"15","author":"Gertzbein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-5900(03)00716-8","article-title":"Interpretation of visual analog scale ratings and change scores: a reanalysis of two clinical trials of postoperative pain","volume":"4","author":"Jensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011150-00017","article-title":"The Oswestry Disability Index","volume":"25","author":"Fairbank","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595","article-title":"Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach","volume":"44","author":"DeLong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0013","series-title":"Integrated development for r. RStudio","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Charalampidis, F. Jiang, J.R.F. Wilson, et al., The use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in spine surgery, Global Spine J, 10 (1 Suppl), 2020, 104s\u2013114s.","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568219859314"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.09.135","article-title":"Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of the spinal cord during spinal cord and spine surgery: a review focus on the corticospinal tracts","volume":"119","author":"Deletis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Eggspuehler, M.A. Sutter, D. Grob, et al., Multimodal intraoperative monitoring (MIOM) during cervical spine surgical procedures in 246 patients, Eur Spine J, 16 (Suppl 2), 2007, S209\u2013S215, Suppl 2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0424-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.3.SPINE101","article-title":"Ability of electromyographic monitoring to determine the presence of malpositioned pedicle screws in the lumbosacral spine: analysis of 2450 consecutively placed screws","volume":"15","author":"Parker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B.L. Raynor, L.G. Lenke, K.H. Bridwell, et al., Correlation between low triggered electromyographic thresholds and lumbar pedicle screw malposition: analysis of 4857 screws, Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 32 (24), 2007, 2673\u20132678.","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815a524f"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.5.SPINE09536","article-title":"Stimulus-evoked electromyography testing of percutaneous pedicle screws for the detection of pedicle breaches: a clinical study of 409 screws in 93 patients","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/1086508X.2008.11079668","article-title":"Electrical artifact during intraoperative electromyographic neuromonitoring","volume":"48","author":"Pearlman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Electroneurodiagn Techn"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.02.025","article-title":"Verification of nerve decompression using mechanomyography","volume":"16","author":"Wessell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.01.168","article-title":"Risk factors for medial breach during robotic-assisted cortical bone trajectory screw insertion","volume":"184","author":"Nagata","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E391","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000676","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of EMG-evoked potentials in cortical bone trajectory pedicle screws","volume":"31","author":"Ashayeri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.01.037","article-title":"A comparison of percutaneous pedicle screw accuracy between robotic navigation and novel fluoroscopy-based instrument tracking for patients undergoing instrumented thoracolumbar surgery","volume":"172","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.A. Ikwuegbuenyi, N. Willett, G. Elsayed, et al., Next-generation neuromonitoring in minimally invasive spine surgery: indications, techniques, and clinical outcomes, Neurosurgery, 96 (3s), 2025, S111-s118.","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000003330"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0924-1","article-title":"The surface mechanomyogram as a tool to describe the influence of fatigue on biceps brachii motor unit activation strategy. Historical basis and novel evidence","volume":"90","author":"Orizio","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02344888","article-title":"Reliability of the mechanomyogram detected with an accelerometer during voluntary contractions","volume":"41","author":"Watakabe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Biolog Engineer Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58902","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058902","article-title":"Mechanomyogram for muscle function assessment: a review","volume":"8","author":"Islam","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2010.07.333","article-title":"The use of mechanomyography (MMG) to locate nerves during spine surgery procedures","volume":"10","author":"Bartol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.02.025","article-title":"Verification of nerve decompression using mechanomyography","volume":"16","author":"Wessell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2021.3089613","article-title":"Quantification of motor function post-stroke using novel combination of wearable inertial and mechanomyographic sensors","volume":"29","author":"Formstone","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.03.034","article-title":"A self-contained, mechanomyography-driven externally powered prosthesis","volume":"86","author":"Silva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Wei, Y. Chen and C. Ye, Neuromuscular disease auxiliary diagnosis using a portable magnetomyographic system, Physiol Meas, 45 (9), 2024, 1-14.","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ad65b0"}],"container-title":["North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666548425002173?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666548425002173?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T16:54:14Z","timestamp":1773852854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666548425002173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S2666548425002173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-5484"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-5484","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prospective evaluation of mechanomyography versus triggered electromyography for intraoperative assessment of cortical breaches during instrumented lumbar surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ)","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2025.100797","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of North American Spine Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100797"}}