{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:58:04Z","timestamp":1792652284143,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY03039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY03039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY027948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY027948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY029595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY029595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001608","name":"EyeSight Foundation of Alabama","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006605","name":"Alfreda J. Schueler Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010313","name":"Heidelberg Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ophthalmologyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T12:23:42Z","timestamp":1674476622000},"page":"100274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Biologically Guided Optimization of Test Target Location for Rod-mediated Dark Adaptation in Age-related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3424-011X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Owsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Gerald","family":"McGwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepayan","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine A.","family":"Curcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.027","article-title":"C5 inhibitor avacincaptad pegol for geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration: a randomized pivotal phase 2\/3 trial","volume":"128","author":"Jaffe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.07.011","article-title":"Complement C3 inhibitor pegcetacoplan for geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration: a randomized phase 2 trial","volume":"127","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.6067","article-title":"Association of pegcetacoplan with progression of incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: a post hoc analysis of the FILLY randomized trial","volume":"140","author":"Nittala","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.77.9.549","article-title":"Symptomatic abnormalities of dark adaptation in patients with age-related Bruch's membrane change","volume":"77","author":"Steinmetz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00580-2","article-title":"Delays in rod-mediated dark adaptation in early age-related maculopathy","volume":"108","author":"Owsley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.12.023","article-title":"Cone- and rod-mediated dark adaptation impairment in age-related maculopathy","volume":"114","author":"Owsley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.06.023","article-title":"Impairments in dark adaptation are associated with age-related macular degeneration severity and reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"122","author":"Flamendorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.02.021","article-title":"Relating retinal morphology and function in aging and early to intermediate age-related macular degeneration subjects","volume":"165","author":"Sevilla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.061","article-title":"Structural changes associated with delayed dark adaptation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"124","author":"La\u00edns","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.02.012","article-title":"Visual function metrics in early and intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration for use as clinical trial endpoints","volume":"189","author":"Cocce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.03.035","article-title":"Peripheral changes associated with delayed dark adaptation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"190","author":"Lains","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AMD202","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24227","article-title":"Slowed dark adaptation in early AMD: dual stimulus reveals scotopic and photopic abnormalities","volume":"59","author":"Tahir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-26385","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of rod function in intermediate age-related macular degeneration with and without reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"60","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.05.001","article-title":"Hyperreflective foci and specks are associated with delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation in nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"4","author":"Echols","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.8.46","article-title":"Local abundance of mancular xanthophyll pigment is associated with rod- and cone-mediated vision in aging and age-related macular degeneration","volume":"61","author":"Kar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003152","article-title":"Baseline predictors associated with 3-year changes in dark adaptation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"41","author":"Lains","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.12.14","article-title":"Comparison of visual function tests in intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Guymer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.2.62","article-title":"Exploring a structural basis for delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation in age-related macular degeneration via deep learning","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.09.041","article-title":"Delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation is a functional biomarker for incident early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"123","author":"Owsley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18962","article-title":"Visual function in older eyes in normal macular health: association with incident early age-related macular degeneration 3 years later","volume":"57","author":"Owsley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.10.037","article-title":"The ARMS2 A69S polymorphism is associated with delayed rod-mediated dark adaptation in eyes at risk for incident age-related macular degeneration","volume":"126","author":"Mullins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22874","article-title":"Characterization of rod function phenotypes across a range of age-related macular degeneration severities and subretinal drusenoid deposits","volume":"59","author":"Flynn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AMD114","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24211","article-title":"Determining optimal test parameters for assessing dark adaptation in people with intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"59","author":"Binns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.101017","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen: a critical phenotype in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"88","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.1.33","article-title":"Biometric, impact, and significance of basal linear deposit and subretinal drusenoid deposit in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902920402","article-title":"Human photoreceptor topography","volume":"292","author":"Curcio","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4832","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-14802","article-title":"Quantitative autofluorescence and cell density maps of the human retinal pigment epithelium","volume":"55","author":"Ach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.07.017","article-title":"Ten-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye study","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib29","first-page":"674","article-title":"The macular pigment. II. Spatial distribution in primate retinas","volume":"25","author":"Snodderly","year":"1984","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31827e25e0","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration: morphology, prevalence, topography, and biogenesis model","volume":"33","author":"Curcio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001732","article-title":"Improving the age-related macular degeneration construct: a new classification system","volume":"38","author":"Spaide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.11.1484","article-title":"The Age-Related Eye Disease Study severity scale for age-related macular degeneration. AREDS Report No. 17","volume":"123","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036","article-title":"Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Ferris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib34","first-page":"3278","article-title":"Aging of the human photoreceptor mosaic: evidence for selective vulnerability of rods in central retina","volume":"34","author":"Curcio","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib35","first-page":"1236","article-title":"Photoreceptor loss in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"37","author":"Curcio","year":"1996","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp010982","article-title":"Rushton's paradox: rod dark adaptation after flash photolysis","volume":"248","author":"Pugh","year":"1975","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s12177-008-9002-6","article-title":"A\u00a0short-duration dark adaptation protocol for assessment of age-related maculopathy","volume":"1","author":"Jackson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ocul Biol Dis Infor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.03.001","article-title":"Dark adaptation and the retinoid cycle of vision","volume":"23","author":"Lamb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1998.139","article-title":"Molecular basis of dark adaptation in rod photoreceptors","volume":"12","author":"Leibrock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.7.17","article-title":"How vision is impaired from aging to early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration: insights from ALSTAR2 baseline","volume":"11","author":"Owsley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.07.014","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen are subretinal drusenoid deposits","volume":"117","author":"Zweifel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib42","first-page":"1358","article-title":"Dark adaptation and its role in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"11","author":"Nigalye","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32619-2","article-title":"Aging changes in Bruch's membrane. A histochemical and morphologic study","volume":"97","author":"Pauleikhoff","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib44","first-page":"265","article-title":"Accumulation of cholesterol with age in human Bruch's membrane","volume":"42","author":"Curcio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-21229","article-title":"Subretinal glial membranes in eyes with geographic atrophy","volume":"58","author":"Edwards","year":"2017","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.02.043","article-title":"Pseudodrusen and incidence of late age-related macular degeneration in fellow eyes in the CAPT Trials","volume":"123","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5593","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18816","article-title":"Epidemiology of reticular pseudodrusen in age-related macular degeneration: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"57","author":"Buitendijk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.01.008","article-title":"Retinal angiomatous proliferation","volume":"62","author":"Tsai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001268","article-title":"An updated staging system of type 3 neovacularization using spectral domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"36 supplement 1","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1994.57","article-title":"Evolution of soft drusen in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"8","author":"Sarks","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.12.034","article-title":"Histologic and optical coherence tomography correlations in drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"124","author":"Balaratnasingam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.04.035","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen in Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy","volume":"122","author":"Gliem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.117","article-title":"Reticular pseudodrusen associated with a diseased Bruch membrane in pseudoxanthoma elasticum","volume":"133","author":"Gliem","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib54","first-page":"1633","article-title":"Abnormal dark adaptation and rhodopsin kinetics in Sorsby's Fundus Dystrophy","volume":"33","author":"Steinmetz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002689","article-title":"Impaired dark adaptation associatd with a diseased bruch membrane in pseudoxanthoma elasticum","volume":"40","author":"Hess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.08.002","article-title":"The incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration over 15 years: the Blue Mountain Eye Study","volume":"122","author":"Joachim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AMD182","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24883","article-title":"Antecedents of soft drusen, the specific deposit of age-related macular degeneration, in the biology of human macula","volume":"59","author":"Curcio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M070193","article-title":"Mechanisms of selective deliver of xanthophylls to retinal pigment epithelial cells by human lipoproteins","volume":"57","author":"Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2013.07.008","article-title":"Carotinoids as possible interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) ligands: a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)\u00a0based study","volume":"539","author":"Vachali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.08.001","article-title":"Aging, age-related macular degeneration, and the response-to-retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins","volume":"28","author":"Curcio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00265-2","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03208380","article-title":"The Eccentricity effect: target eccentricity affects performance on conjunction searches","volume":"57","author":"Carrasco","year":"1995","journal-title":"Percept Psychophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphology and repeatabiity of automated perimetry using stimulus sizes III, V, and VI","volume":"9","author":"Wall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Res Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.194977","article-title":"Evolution of reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"95","author":"Sarks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.034","article-title":"Anatomic clinical trial endpoings for nonexudative age-related macular degeneration","volume":"123","author":"Schaal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1159\/000510887","article-title":"Can the onset of atropic age-related macular degeneration be an acceptable endpoint for preventative trials?","volume":"243","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-020-01467-0","article-title":"Functionally validated imaging endpoints in the Alabama study on early age-related macular degeneration 2 (ALSTAR2): design and methods","volume":"20","author":"Curcio","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.10.018","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration revisited -- piecing the puzzle: the LXIX Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture","volume":"155","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914523000064?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914523000064?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T06:20:52Z","timestamp":1763014852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666914523000064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666914523000064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9145","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biologically Guided Optimization of Test Target Location for Rod-mediated Dark Adaptation in Age-related Macular Degeneration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2023.100274","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100274"}}