{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:55:52Z","timestamp":1789473352830,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000615","name":"Fight for Sight UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1956A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1956A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T040912\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T040912\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T019050\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T019050\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T000953\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T000953\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000765","name":"University College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007817","name":"Alcon Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007817","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012617","name":"Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012617","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001285","name":"UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000855","name":"University of Birmingham","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001279","name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001279","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ophthalmologyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T04:55:12Z","timestamp":1705812912000},"page":"100472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Periodontitis and Outer Retinal Thickness: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the United Kingdom Biobank Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4915-4353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siegfried K.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8682-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveen J.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5238-8295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josef","family":"Huemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5311-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hagar","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7353-8774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey V.","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2088-8310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin J.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5219-9312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic J.","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2201-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robbert R.","family":"Struyven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5394-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Romero-Bascones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Khawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Petzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7690-6277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Balaskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Cortina-Borja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Chapple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2557-7645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5718-9209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jugnoo S.","family":"Rahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair K.","family":"Denniston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9239-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pearse A.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denize","family":"Atan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konsantinos","family":"Balaskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Barman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny H.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tasanee","family":"Braithwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana O.","family":"Carare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usha","family":"Chakravarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon Y.L.","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bal","family":"Dhillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Doney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Egan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Ennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Fruttiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.J.","family":"Gallacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Garway-Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy A.","family":"Guggenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Hardcastle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon P.","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth E.","family":"Hogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pirro","family":"Hysi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pearse A.","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sir Peng T.","family":"Khaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Khawaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerassimos","family":"Lascaratos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thoams","family":"Littlejohns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Lotery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Luben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil","family":"Luthert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Macgillivray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Mackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"McGuinness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth J.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"McKibbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eoin","family":"O\u2019Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Oram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris G.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Euan","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tunde","family":"Peto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Petzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jugnoo S.","family":"Rahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicja R.","family":"Rudnikca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Self","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Sergouniotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sobha","family":"Sivaprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Steel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Stratton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Strouthidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathie","family":"Sudlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Tapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhanes","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Trucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Tufail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Vitart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananth C.","family":"Viswanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Weedon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayne V.","family":"Woodside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max M.","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12782","article-title":"Natural history of periodontitis: disease progression and tooth loss over 40 years","volume":"44","author":"Ramseier","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1978.49.12.607","article-title":"The natural history of periodontal disease in man. The rate of periodontal destruction before 40 years of age","volume":"49","author":"L\u00f6e","year":"1978","journal-title":"J\u00a0Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520908533","article-title":"Global, regional, and national levels and trends in burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study","volume":"99","author":"Bernabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib5","first-page":"72","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention","volume":"11","author":"Nazir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12808","article-title":"Scientific evidence on the links between periodontal diseases and diabetes: consensus report and guidelines of the joint workshop on periodontal diseases and diabetes by the International Diabetes Federation and the European Federation of Periodontology","volume":"45","author":"Sanz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13189","article-title":"Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: consensus report","volume":"47","author":"Sanz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib8","first-page":"348","article-title":"Inflammation of the periodontium associates with risk of future cardiovascular events","volume":"92","author":"Van Dyke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13414","article-title":"Oxidative stress links periodontal inflammation and renal function","volume":"48","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202701","article-title":"The autoantibody repertoire in periodontitis: a role in the induction of autoimmunity to citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"73","author":"de Pablo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17978","article-title":"Periodontal health, cognitive decline, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"70","author":"Asher","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4753645","article-title":"Periodontal disease and age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis of 112,240 participants","volume":"2020","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib13","first-page":"58","article-title":"Alveolar bone loss associated with age-related macular degeneration in males","volume":"84","author":"Karesvuo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000427","article-title":"Periodontal disease and age-related macular degeneration: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III","volume":"35","author":"Wagley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6418","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006418","article-title":"The association between periodontal disease and age-related macular degeneration in the Korea National health and nutrition examination survey: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"96","author":"Shin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002750","article-title":"Risk of age-related macular degeneration in patients with periodontitis: a nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4875","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4962","article-title":"Quantitative comparison of drusen segmented on SD-OCT versus drusen delineated on color fundus photographs","volume":"51","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.004","article-title":"Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography characteristics of intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Leuschen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.01.006","article-title":"Evaluation of age-related macular degeneration with optical coherence tomography","volume":"57","author":"Keane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25332","article-title":"Retinal layer thicknesses in early age-related macular degeneration: results from the German AugUR study","volume":"60","author":"Brandl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.02.001","article-title":"Photoreceptor layer thinning is an early biomarker for age-related macular degeneration: epidemiologic and genetic evidence from UK Biobank OCT data","volume":"129","author":"Zekavat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164095","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography in the UK Biobank study - rapid automated analysis of retinal thickness for large population-based studies","volume":"11","author":"Keane","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.11.009","article-title":"Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging in 67 321 adults: associations with macular thickness in the UK Biobank study","volume":"123","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.08.015","article-title":"Comparison of associations with different macular inner retinal thickness parameters in a large cohort: the UK Biobank","volume":"127","author":"Khawaja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513505621","article-title":"Self-reported measures for surveillance of periodontitis","volume":"92","author":"Eke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib26","first-page":"1474","article-title":"Validity of self-reported periodontal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Abbood","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13776","article-title":"Periodontal health and patient-reported outcomes: a longitudinal analysis of data from non-specialist practice settings","volume":"50","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib29","first-page":"125","article-title":"Deprivation","volume":"16","author":"Townsend","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Soc Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.2307\/3002019","article-title":"An approximate distribution of estimates of variance components","volume":"2","author":"Satterthwaite","year":"1946","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177732360","article-title":"The large-sample distribution of the likelihood ratio for testing composite hypotheses","volume":"9","author":"Wilks","year":"1938","journal-title":"Ann Math Statist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"lmerTest Package: tests in linear mixed effects models","volume":"82","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8769","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8388","article-title":"Effects of age, sex, and axial length on the three-dimensional profile of normal macular layer structures","volume":"52","author":"Ooto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib36","article-title":"Effect of aging and lifestyle on photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium: cross-sectional study in a healthy Danish population","volume":"7","author":"Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathobiol Aging Age Relat Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55484-1","article-title":"Associations with photoreceptor thickness measures in the UK Biobank","volume":"9","author":"Chua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)01218-1","article-title":"The age-related eye disease study system for classifying age-related macular degeneration from stereoscopic color fundus photographs: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report Number 6","volume":"132","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237352","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography and color fundus photography in the screening of age-related macular degeneration: a comparative, population-based study","volume":"15","author":"Midena","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303219","article-title":"Evaluation of retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch\u2019s membrane complex thickness in dry age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography","volume":"97","author":"Karampelas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01911-5","article-title":"Thickness of retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch\u2019s membrane complex in adult Chinese using optical coherence tomography","volume":"37","author":"Shao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4934","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11913","article-title":"Effect of age on individual retinal layer thickness in normal eyes as measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"54","author":"Demirkaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.08.003","article-title":"The dynamic nature of Bruch\u2019s membrane","volume":"29","author":"Booij","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1997.270-ce1162.x","article-title":"Systemic acute-phase reactants, C-reactive protein and haptoglobin, in adult periodontitis","volume":"107","author":"Ebersole","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib45","first-page":"2289","article-title":"Markers of systemic bacterial exposure in periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"Mustapha","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000076","article-title":"Dental prophylaxis and periodontal treatment are protective factors to ischemic stroke","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.10.034","article-title":"The association of tooth scaling and decreased cardiovascular disease: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"125","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30038-X","article-title":"Systemic effects of periodontitis treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12 month, single-centre, investigator-masked, randomised trial","volume":"6","author":"D\u2019Aiuto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13756","article-title":"Outcomes of periodontal therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: The OPERA feasibility randomized trial","volume":"50","author":"de Pablo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2147-8","article-title":"Inflammation and its role in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"73","author":"Kauppinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.196","article-title":"The role of anti-inflammatory agents in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) treatment","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/546786","article-title":"Mechanism of inflammation in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"2012","author":"Parmeggiani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314849","article-title":"Smoking and treatment outcomes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration over 12 months","volume":"104","author":"Detaram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib54","first-page":"1857","article-title":"Resistance to anti-VEGF therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a comprehensive review","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001366","article-title":"Intravitreal dexamethasone implant as adjuvant treatment for bevacizumab- and ranibizumab-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a prospective pilot study","volume":"37","author":"Barikian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib56","first-page":"65","article-title":"Simultaneous dexamethasone intravitreal implant and anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration resistant to anti-VEGF monotherapy","volume":"1","author":"Todorich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vitreoretin Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246","article-title":"Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK Biobank participants with those of the general population","volume":"186","author":"Fry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m131","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m131","article-title":"Comparison of risk factor associations in UK Biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis","volume":"368","author":"Batty","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914524000083?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914524000083?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:37:34Z","timestamp":1778924254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666914524000083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666914524000083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9145","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Periodontitis and Outer Retinal Thickness: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the United Kingdom Biobank Cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100472","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100472"}}