{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:11:41Z","timestamp":1791655901322,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Corp USA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020534","name":"Alcon Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020534","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY31815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY31815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1OT2OD038128-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1OT2OD038128-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030831","name":"Novartis Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030831","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202460005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202460005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ophthalmologyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T15:26:28Z","timestamp":1738941988000},"page":"100733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Epiretinal Membrane Is Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy Severity and Cumulative Anti-VEGF Injections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8433-8169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinji","family":"Kakihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4405-4381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"AbdelSalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7314-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kallista","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9568-3558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amani A.","family":"Fawzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib1","article-title":"Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of epiretinal membrane - review","volume":"10","author":"O\u017c\u00f3g","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0743-x","article-title":"Vitreoschisis","volume":"246","author":"Sebag","year":"2008","journal-title":"Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.238","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in an adult Japanese population: the Funagata study","volume":"23","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14164","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane: data from the korea national health and nutrition examination survey VII (2017-2018)","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1108097","article-title":"A real-world study for timely assessing the diabetic macular edema refractory to intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment","volume":"14","author":"Hsieh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57509-6","article-title":"Incidence and treatment outcomes of secondary epiretinal membrane following intravitreal injection for diabetic macular edema","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182733f25","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membranes: the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study","volume":"33","author":"Aung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13914","article-title":"Epiretinal membrane: a review","volume":"49","author":"Fung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.62903","article-title":"Ferroptosis and liver fibrosis","volume":"18","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4631","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054631","article-title":"Stem cells in kidney ischemia: from inflammation and fibrosis to renal tissue regeneration","volume":"24","author":"Cianci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303577","article-title":"The biological basis for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: from inflammation to fibrosis","volume":"119","author":"Prabhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194s","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(01)02088-X","article-title":"Fibrosis and ischemia: the real risks in hypertensive heart disease","volume":"14","author":"Frohlich","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.09.007","article-title":"Geometric perfusion deficits: a novel OCT angiography biomarker for diabetic retinopathy based on oxygen diffusion","volume":"222","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.04.003","article-title":"Macular perfusion deficits on OCT angiography correlate with nonperfusion on ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"7","author":"Decker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.05.028","article-title":"Deep capillary geometric perfusion deficits on OCT angiography detect clinically referable eyes with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"6","author":"Nesper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.06.018","article-title":"Deep capillary nonperfusion on OCT angiography predicts complications in eyes with referable nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"7","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2021.11.01","article-title":"Effect of anti-VEGF treatment on nonperfusion areas in ischemic retinopathy","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01649-0","article-title":"Retinal non-perfusion in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"36","author":"Wykoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8154","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10290","article-title":"Retinal thickness in people with diabetes and minimal or no diabetic retinopathy: Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography","volume":"53","author":"Chalam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00475-5","article-title":"Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema disease severity scales","volume":"110","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.12.006","article-title":"Insights into epiretinal membranes: presence of ectopic inner foveal layers and a new optical coherence tomography staging scheme","volume":"175","author":"Govetto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.03.033","article-title":"Ten-year incidence of fibrosis and risk factors for its development in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"252","author":"Romano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002779","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for the development of physician-graded subretinal fibrosis in eyes treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"40","author":"Teo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315763","article-title":"Risk factors for subretinal fibrosis after anti-VEGF treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularisation","volume":"105","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100906","article-title":"Incomplete response to Anti-VEGF therapy in neovascular AMD: exploring disease mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"82","author":"Mettu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.03.001","article-title":"Anti-VEGF crunch syndrome in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a review","volume":"66","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.4.37","article-title":"Short term effect of pre-operative anti-VEGF on 2Angiogenic and fibrotic profile of fibrovascular membranes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"65","author":"Fadakar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2942","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26788","article-title":"In vitro epiretinal membrane model and antibody permeability: relationship with anti-VEGF resistance in diabetic macular edema","volume":"60","author":"Namba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00018-6","article-title":"Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab with extended dosing up to every 16 weeks in patients with diabetic macular oedema (YOSEMITE and RHINE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3 trials","volume":"399","author":"Wykoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00010-1","article-title":"Efficacy, durability, and safety of intravitreal faricimab up to every 16 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (TENAYA and LUCERNE): two randomised, double-masked, phase 3, non-inferiority trials","volume":"399","author":"Heier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9081869","article-title":"Targeting angiopoietin in retinal vascular diseases: a literature review and summary of clinical trials involving faricimab","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0276","article-title":"Potential role of the angiopoietin\/tie2 system in ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization","volume":"44","author":"Takagi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib33","article-title":"Treat-and-Extend vs. Pro Re nata regimen of ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema-A two-year matched comparative study","volume":"8","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2020.01.15","article-title":"Comparison of two different treatment regimens' efficacy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Turkish population-based on real life data-Bosphorus RWE Study Group","volume":"13","author":"Erden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.10.036","article-title":"Trends of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor use in Ophthalmology among privately insured and medicare advantage patients","volume":"124","author":"Parikh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914525000314?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914525000314?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T19:43:51Z","timestamp":1772048631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666914525000314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666914525000314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9145","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epiretinal Membrane Is Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy Severity and Cumulative Anti-VEGF Injections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100733","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100733"}}