{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T07:46:38Z","timestamp":1772955998104,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020808","name":"Denardo Education and Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017413","name":"Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017413","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ophthalmologyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T16:08:44Z","timestamp":1753286924000},"page":"100893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective OCT Analysis of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Modulator Fingolimod in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5144-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilson X.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2483-2036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Rossmiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henok","family":"Getahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Santoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6380-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana C.","family":"Perantie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert T.","family":"Naismith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2281-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajendra S.","family":"Apte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22005","article-title":"Longitudinal study of vision and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in multiple sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Talman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003582","article-title":"Disease-modifying therapies modulate retinal atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective study","volume":"88","author":"Button","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7085","DOI":"10.3390\/app10207085","article-title":"OCT analysis in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis during fingolimod therapy: 2-year longitudinal retrospective study","volume":"10","author":"Rossi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318248deea","article-title":"Fingolimod-associated macular edema","volume":"78","author":"Jain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.258","article-title":"Fingolimod: therapeutic mechanisms and ocular adverse effects","volume":"31","author":"Mandal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eye (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-018-0870-x","article-title":"Longitudinal quantitative assessment of macula during therapy with fingolimod in relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Fruschelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52017","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators in multiple sclerosis treatment: a practical review","volume":"11","author":"Coyle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60540-6","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1\/5 selective agonist alleviates ocular vascular pathologies","volume":"14","author":"Nakamura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-015-0297-0","article-title":"The direct effects of fingolimod in the central nervous system: implications for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"30","author":"Hunter","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13701","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 is required for retinal ganglion cell survival after optic nerve trauma","volume":"138","author":"Joly","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6818970","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 modulates CNTF-induced axonal growth and neuroprotection in the mouse visual system","volume":"2017","author":"Joly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2019.106365","article-title":"The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors on retinal pigment epithelial cells barrier function and angiogenic effects","volume":"145","author":"Terao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153670","article-title":"Light stress-induced increase of sphingosine 1-phosphate in photoreceptors and its relevance to retinal degeneration","volume":"20","author":"Terao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13121691","article-title":"The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 in mouse retina light responses","volume":"13","author":"Shrestha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib15","first-page":"107","article-title":"OCT and OCT-A biomarkers in multiple sclerosis - review","volume":"67","author":"Bostan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rom J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12348-020-00215-1","article-title":"Incidence of uveitis and macular edema among patients taking fingolimod 0.5 mg for multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Sonne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b9132","article-title":"Fingolimod treatment in multiple sclerosis leads to increased macular volume","volume":"80","author":"Nolan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02701-7","article-title":"Effect of fingolimod therapy on quantitative macular changes among patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a four-year follow-up study from Oman","volume":"22","author":"Al-Rashdi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.10.013","article-title":"Multimodal structural and functional characterization of retinal vasculopathy and cerebral leukoencephalopathy","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e180916","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI180916","article-title":"Crizanlizumab for retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy in a phase II clinical study","volume":"134","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2020.1786590","article-title":"Tutorial on Biostatistics: longitudinal analysis of correlated continuous eye data","volume":"28","author":"Ying","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.63.9.16","article-title":"Macular layer thickness and effect of BMI, body fat, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors: the troms\u00f8 study","volume":"63","author":"von Hanno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100191","article-title":"Retinal thickness and morphology changes on OCT in youth with type 2 diabetes: findings from the TODAY study","volume":"2","author":"Mititelu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.11","article-title":"Influence of diabetes on macular thickness measured using optical coherence tomography: the Singapore Indian Eye Study","volume":"26","author":"Sng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3143","article-title":"Selective loss of inner retinal layer thickness in type 1 diabetic patients with minimal diabetic retinopathy","volume":"50","author":"van Dijk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20240313-01","article-title":"Proliferative diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20364","article-title":"Effects of blood pressure and arterial stiffness on retinal neurodegeneration: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from UK biobank and Chinese cohorts","volume":"80","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.11.016","article-title":"Changes in ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness and retinal microvasculature in hypertension: an optical coherence tomography angiography study","volume":"199","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122689","article-title":"Obesity and multiple sclerosis-A multifaceted association","volume":"10","author":"Schreiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e31829c51f7","article-title":"Baseline retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular volume quantified by OCT in the North American phase 3 fingolimod trial for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Winges","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.230","article-title":"Macular volume determined by optical coherence tomography as a measure of neuronal loss in multiple sclerosis","volume":"66","author":"Burkholder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.10.040","article-title":"Relation of visual function to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in multiple sclerosis","volume":"113","author":"Fisher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8531-y","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell analysis in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"264","author":"Britze","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202201346R","article-title":"S1PR1 signaling attenuates apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells via modulation of cJun\/Bim cascade and Bad phosphorylation in a mouse model of glaucoma","volume":"37","author":"Basavarajappa","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.07.021","article-title":"Impact of age-related change of retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thicknesses on evaluation of glaucoma progression","volume":"120","author":"Leung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2015.11.3.241","article-title":"Benign multiple sclerosis is associated with reduced thinning of the retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers in non-optic-neuritis eyes","volume":"11","author":"Huang-Link","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.12.040","article-title":"Ophthalmic evaluations in clinical studies of fingolimod (FTY720) in multiple sclerosis","volume":"120","author":"Zarbin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10_supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.82.10_supplement.S4.004","article-title":"Effect of fingolimod on macular volume and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness: a one year longitudinal study (S4.004)","volume":"82","author":"Repovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3388","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a key regulator of proliferation and differentiation in retina photoreceptors","volume":"50","author":"Miranda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914525001915?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914525001915?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T21:43:19Z","timestamp":1772919799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666914525001915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666914525001915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9145","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Retrospective OCT Analysis of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Modulator Fingolimod in Multiple Sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100893","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100893"}}