{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:49:28Z","timestamp":1793155768797,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ophthalmologyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T10:33:54Z","timestamp":1763030034000},"page":"101007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Accuracy and Readability of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer-4 Omni in Answering Ophthalmology Patient Questions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Nikoo","family":"Hamzeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alcina K.","family":"Lidder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Feder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel A.","family":"Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rukhsana G.","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avrey J.","family":"Thau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3089-6664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo P.","family":"Tanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13284","article-title":"Utility of artificial intelligence-based large language models in ophthalmic care","volume":"44","author":"Biswas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.03.015","article-title":"Readability and accountability of online patient education materials for common retinal diseases","volume":"6","author":"Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.05.022","article-title":"Appropriateness and readability of ChatGPT-4-Generated responses for surgical treatment of retinal diseases","volume":"7","author":"Momenaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.05.024","article-title":"Performance of generative large language models on ophthalmology board-style questions","volume":"254","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib6","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a comparative analysis of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and human expertise in answering StatPearls questions","volume":"15","author":"Moshirfar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000198","article-title":"Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models","volume":"2","author":"Kung","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.2754","article-title":"Performance of an upgraded artificial intelligence chatbot for ophthalmic knowledge assessment","volume":"141","author":"Mihalache","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.1144","article-title":"Performance of an artificial intelligence chatbot in ophthalmic knowledge assessment","volume":"141","author":"Mihalache","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721241272251","article-title":"Evaluating chatgpt's efficacy and readability to common pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus-related questions","volume":"35","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000039120","article-title":"Evaluating accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT responses to patient-based questions in ophthalmology: an observational study","volume":"103","author":"Alqudah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03231-w","article-title":"Assessing large language models' accuracy in providing patient support for choroidal melanoma","volume":"38","author":"Anguita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2024-001824","article-title":"Artificial intelligence chatbots as sources of patient education material for cataract surgery: ChatGPT-4 versus google bard","volume":"9","author":"Azzopardi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.30320","article-title":"Comparison of ophthalmologist and large language model chatbot responses to online patient eye care questions","volume":"6","author":"Bernstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib15","article-title":"Evaluation of the quality and readability of ChatGPT responses to frequently asked questions about myopia in traditional Chinese language","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2024.2326058","article-title":"Dr. Google vs. dr. ChatGPT: exploring the use of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology by comparing the accuracy, safety, and readability of responses to frequently asked patient questions regarding cataracts and cataract surgery","volume":"39","author":"Cohen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10078-1448","article-title":"Comparing the accuracy and readability of glaucoma-related question responses and educational materials by google and ChatGPT","volume":"18","author":"Cohen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Curr Glaucoma Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S480222","article-title":"Comparing the ability of google and ChatGPT to accurately respond to oculoplastics-related patient questions and generate customized oculoplastics patient education materials","volume":"18","author":"Cohen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582241304679","article-title":"Evaluation of the reliability and readability of answers given by chatbots to frequently asked questions about endophthalmitis: a cross-sectional study on chatbots","volume":"30","author":"Demir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Inform J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000001158","article-title":"Evaluation of responses to questions about keratoconus using ChatGPT-4.0, google gemini and microsoft copilot: a comparative study of large language models on keratoconus","volume":"51","author":"Demir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2025.105787","article-title":"Investigating the role of large language models on questions about refractive surgery","volume":"195","author":"Demir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14451","article-title":"Evaluation of ChatGPT-4 responses to glaucoma patients' questions: can artificial intelligence become a trusted advisor between doctor and patient?","volume":"52","author":"G\u00fcler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2024.10.005","article-title":"ChatGPT for addressing patient-centered frequently asked questions in glaucoma clinical practice","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"ChatGPT and frequently asked patient questions for upper eyelid blepharoplasty surgery","volume":"44","author":"Watane","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11020120","article-title":"Exploring diagnostic precision and triage proficiency: a comparative study of GPT-4 and bard in addressing common ophthalmic complaints","volume":"11","author":"Zandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000002567","article-title":"Evaluating the accuracy of ChatGPT and google BARD in fielding oculoplastic patient queries: a comparative study on artificial versus human intelligence","volume":"40","author":"Al-Sharif","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S401492","article-title":"Analysis of the readability and accountability of online patient education materials related to glaucoma diagnosis and treatment","volume":"17","author":"Cohen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2021-000966","article-title":"Assessment of the readability and quality of online patient education materials for the medical treatment of open-angle glaucoma","volume":"7","author":"Crabtree","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2022.03.004","article-title":"Readability and suitability of online patient education materials for glaucoma","volume":"5","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000002012","article-title":"Readability of online patient education materials for glaucoma","volume":"31","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2022.01.002","article-title":"What glaucoma patients are reading on the internet: a systematic analysis of online glaucoma content","volume":"5","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Glaucoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2024.04.004","article-title":"Using large language models to generate educational materials on childhood glaucoma","volume":"265","author":"Dihan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914525003057?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914525003057?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T01:12:05Z","timestamp":1773882725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666914525003057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666914525003057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9145","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Accuracy and Readability of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer-4 Omni in Answering Ophthalmology Patient Questions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101007"}}