{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T09:04:52Z","timestamp":1776243892259,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62371326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62371326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK 20231310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK 20231310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ophthalmologyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T15:54:47Z","timestamp":1769874887000},"page":"101102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative Assessment of Fluorescein Angiography Leakage via Deep Learning in Pediatric Uveitis: Correlation with Clinical Parameters"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanhao","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xumei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9268-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuefei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changlin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weifang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000723","article-title":"Update on noninfectious uveitis in children and its treatment","volume":"32","author":"Maccora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.06.006","article-title":"Pediatric uveitis: a comprehensive review","volume":"67","author":"Maleki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002885","article-title":"Retinal vasculitis, a common manifestation of idiopathic pediatric uveitis?","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.09.007","article-title":"The detection of occult retinal vasculitis on fluorescein angiography in pediatric uveitis","volume":"4","author":"Abraham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib5","article-title":"Multimodal imaging in pediatric uveitis","volume":"13","author":"Diala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-1072-0","article-title":"Advances and potential new developments in imaging techniques for posterior uveitis part 2: invasive imaging methods","volume":"35","author":"Herbort","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0b013e3182662e49","article-title":"Use of fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis and management of uveitis","volume":"52","author":"Adl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2017.1371764","article-title":"Ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography in intermediate uveitis","volume":"27","author":"Laovirojjanakul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2022.2091616","article-title":"Characterization of fluorescein angiography features in pediatric patients with uveitis","volume":"31","author":"Hossain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.07.004","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in retina","volume":"67","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib11","article-title":"Medical image segmentation review: the success of U-Net","author":"Azad","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2022-321472","article-title":"Automatic interpretation and clinical evaluation for fundus fluorescein angiography images of diabetic retinopathy patients by deep learning","volume":"107","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36327-6","article-title":"Deep learning for automated detection of neovascular leakage on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02156-6","article-title":"Segmentation of macular neovascularization and leakage in fluorescein angiography images in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using deep learning","volume":"37","author":"Holomcik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2024.2305185","article-title":"Using deep learning to segment retinal vascular leakage and occlusion in retinal vasculitis","volume":"32","author":"Dhirachaikulpanich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.7.19","article-title":"Automated detection of vascular leakage in fluorescein angiography \u2013 a proof of concept","volume":"11","author":"Young","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app122412751","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of retinal vascular leakage in retinal vasculitis using machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Keino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1985.01050120030015","article-title":"Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study report number 1. Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study research group","volume":"103","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-018-9385-x","article-title":"User-guided segmentation of multi-modality medical imaging datasets with ITK-SNAP","volume":"17","author":"Yushkevich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib20","series-title":"Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2015. Vol 9351. Lecture Notes in Computer Science","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-Net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3349","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.2983686","article-title":"Deep high-resolution representation learning for visual recognition","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2021.3112716","article-title":"MsTGANet: automatic drusen segmentation from retinal OCT images","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2024.103280","article-title":"TransUNet: rethinking the U-Net architecture design for medical image segmentation through the lens of transformers","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-022-06096-y","article-title":"Towards a guideline for evaluation metrics in medical image segmentation","volume":"15","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib25","article-title":"Automated detection of leakage in fluorescein angiography images with application to malarial retinopathy","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-310047","article-title":"Automated quantitative characterisation of retinal vascular leakage and microaneurysms in ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography","volume":"101","author":"Ehlers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1576910","article-title":"Epidemiology of macular edema in uveitis","volume":"27","author":"Accorinti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib28","article-title":"Assessment of baseline ultrawidefield fluorescein angiographic quantitative leakage parameters with ultrawidefield fundus features and clinical parameters in diabetic retinopathy in protocol AA","volume":"9","author":"Ehlers","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.136846","article-title":"Uveitic macular oedema: correlation between optical coherence tomography patterns with visual acuity and fluorescein angiography","volume":"92","author":"Tran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17701-2","article-title":"Non-cystic macular thickening on optical coherence tomography as an alternative to fluorescein angiography for predicting retinal vascular leakage in early stages of uveitis","volume":"12","author":"Ebrahimiadib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11218","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography in uveitis associated with sarcoidosis","volume":"8","author":"Suh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.4.1087","article-title":"Correlation between fluorescein angiographic findings and visual acuity in beh\u00e7et retinal vasculitis","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.063","article-title":"Correlation between spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings and fluorescein angiography patterns in diabetic macular edema","volume":"116","author":"Yeung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2015.1063668","article-title":"Discrepancy in fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography findings of macular edema in intermediate uveitis","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.02.003","article-title":"Discrepancies between fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography in macular edema in uveitis","volume":"154","author":"Ossewaarde-van Norel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.9451","article-title":"Performance evaluation of two fundus oculi angiographic imaging system: Optos 200Tx and heidelberg spectralis","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914526000400?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914526000400?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T08:22:50Z","timestamp":1776241370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666914526000400"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666914526000400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9145","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quantitative Assessment of Fluorescein Angiography Leakage via Deep Learning in Pediatric Uveitis: Correlation with Clinical Parameters","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101102","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101102"}}