{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T09:04:48Z","timestamp":1784106288802,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30-EY01583-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-EY01583-26"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21EY034179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21EY034179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ophthalmologyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:27:54Z","timestamp":1779204474000},"page":"101242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multisource Machine Learning Model for Detecting Referral-Warranted Retinopathy of Prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Xinwei","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham E.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil","family":"Binenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-1355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gui-Shuang","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.11.009","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: a global perspective of the epidemics, population of babies at risk and implications for control","volume":"84","author":"Gilbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Early Hum Develop"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00831-5","article-title":"Telemedicine approach to screening for severe retinopathy of prematurity: a pilot study","volume":"110","author":"Ells","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.12.1684","article-title":"Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial","volume":"121","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-3061","article-title":"Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"142","author":"Fierson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32074-8","article-title":"Incidence and early course of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"98","author":"Palmer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2256","article-title":"A comparison of strategies for retinopathy of prematurity detection","volume":"137","author":"Kemper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11208-0","article-title":"Automated detection of retinopathy of prematurity by deep attention network","volume":"80","author":"Lei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-024-00363-7","article-title":"Multi-risk factors joint prediction model for risk prediction of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib9","article-title":"Development and validation of a deep learning model to predict the occurrence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2024.107135","article-title":"ROPRNet: deep learning-assisted recurrence prediction for retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"100","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomed Signal Process Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib11","first-page":"4987","article-title":"VGG-ST: a VGG-Swin transformer-based model for ROP disease diagnosis","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"BIBM"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.1604","article-title":"Validity of a telemedicine system for the evaluation of acute-phase retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"132","author":"Quinn","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2014.926940","article-title":"Telemedicine approaches to evaluating acute-phase retinopathy of prematurity: study design","volume":"21","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.05.031","article-title":"International classification of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"128","author":"Chiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2015.0460","article-title":"Validated system for centralized grading of retinopathy of prematurity: telemedicine approaches to evaluating acute-phase retinopathy of prematurity (e-ROP) study","volume":"133","author":"Daniel","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2016.08.004","article-title":"Impact of number and quality of retinal images in a telemedicine screening program for ROP: results from the e-ROP study","volume":"20","author":"Morrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib17","first-page":"569","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis of k-fold cross validation in prediction error estimation","volume":"32","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib18","series-title":"International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS)","first-page":"243","article-title":"Machine learning with oversampling and undersampling techniques: overview study and experimental results","author":"Mohammed","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4806","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2962617","article-title":"The real-world-weight cross-entropy loss function: modeling the costs of mislabeling","volume":"8","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"7891","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06555-x","article-title":"A foundation model for generalizable disease detection from retinal images","volume":"622","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03637-w","article-title":"Risk factors for the time to development of retinopathy of prematurity in premature infants in Iran: a machine learning approach","volume":"24","author":"Tapak","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc8080085","article-title":"A multi-modal machine learning methodology for predicting solitary Pulmonary Nodule malignancy in patients undergoing PET\/CT examination","volume":"8","author":"Apostolopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Big Data Cogn Comput"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-023-08606-w","article-title":"BIO-CXRNET: a robust multimodal stacking machine learning technique for mortality risk prediction of COVID-19 patients using chest X-ray images and clinical data","volume":"35","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.12.8.13","article-title":"Multicenter validation of deep learning algorithm ROP. AI for the automated diagnosis of plus disease in ROP","volume":"12","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Vis Sci Technol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914526001806?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914526001806?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T08:15:52Z","timestamp":1784103352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666914526001806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666914526001806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9145","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Multisource Machine Learning Model for Detecting Referral-Warranted Retinopathy of Prematurity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101242","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Ophthalmology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101242"}}