{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:48:45Z","timestamp":1792057725502,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020098","name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["116076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["116076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010767","name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013322","name":"European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ophthalmologyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:31:21Z","timestamp":1787067081000},"page":"101375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cuticular Drusen and the Risk of Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A MACUSTAR Study Report"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6225-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes","family":"Vidal-Oliver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0174-4066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Terheyden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Behning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Basten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kornau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5065-3913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Schl\u00f6\u00dfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1993-1951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich F.O.","family":"Luhmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus Peter","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7870-0478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3358-9942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen Schmitz","family":"Valckenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Finger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5265-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene","family":"Sa\u00dfmannshausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26074","article-title":"Age-Related macular degeneration","volume":"331","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000491402","article-title":"MACUSTAR: development and clinical validation of functional, structural, and patient-reported endpoints in intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"241","author":"Finger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.09.018","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography biomarkers for conversion to exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"247","author":"Wakatsuki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.1376","article-title":"Characterization of drusen and hyperreflective foci as biomarkers for disease progression in age-related macular degeneration using artificial intelligence in optical coherence tomography","volume":"138","author":"Waldstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14337","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography biomarkers in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration: a clinical guide","volume":"52","author":"Vidal-Oliver","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2026.01.010","article-title":"OCT risk factors for progression to late-stage age-related macular degeneration in the Amish Eye Study","volume":"10","author":"Chung","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib8","series-title":"Stereoscopic Atlas of Macular Diseases. Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Gass","year":"1977"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307197","article-title":"An evaluation of fundus photography and fundus autofluorescence in the diagnosis of cuticular drusen","volume":"100","author":"H\u00f8eg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib10","first-page":"2271","article-title":"Association analysis of genetic and environmental risk factors in the cuticular drusen subtype of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"18","author":"van de Ven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152047","article-title":"Whole exome sequencing in patients with the cuticular drusen subtype of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"11","author":"Duvvari","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.033","article-title":"Cuticular drusen: clinical phenotypes and natural history defined using multimodal imaging","volume":"125","author":"Balaratnasingam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181e09829","article-title":"Spectral domain optical coherence tomography in adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy with cuticular drusen","volume":"30","author":"Finger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68493-2","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of cuticular drusen in Korean patients","volume":"10","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.01.028","article-title":"Cuticular drusen in age-related macular degeneration: association with progression and impact on visual sensitivity","volume":"129","author":"Goh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002399","article-title":"CUTICULAR DRUSEN risk of geographic atrophy and macular neovascularization","volume":"40","author":"Sakurada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib17","article-title":"Spatial distribution of cuticular drusen and its association with category-specific progression risk in intermediate AMD","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-025-07086-z","article-title":"Cuticular drusen in Asian neovascular age-related macular degeneration: clinical features and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy association","volume":"264","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.08.003","article-title":"Cuticular drusen: stars in the sky","volume":"37","author":"Boon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib20","first-page":"101","article-title":"The spectrum of functional, structural, and patient-reported outcomes in intermediate age-related macular degeneration: a MACUSTAR Study report","volume":"248","author":"Terheyden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04595-6","article-title":"Clinical study protocol for a low-interventional study in intermediate age-related macular degeneration developing novel clinical endpoints for interventional clinical trials with a regulatory and patient access intention - MACUSTAR","volume":"21","author":"Terheyden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036","article-title":"Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"120","author":"Ferris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.11.3.27","article-title":"Intersession repeatability of structural biomarkers in early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration: a MACUSTAR Study report","volume":"11","author":"Sa\u00dfmannshausen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.12.007","article-title":"Characteristics and spatial distribution of structural features in age-related macular degeneration: a MACUSTAR Study report","volume":"7","author":"Sa\u00dfmannshausen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2022.2113","article-title":"Repeatability and discriminatory power of chart-based visual function tests in individuals with age-related macular degeneration: a MACUSTAR Study report","volume":"140","author":"Dunbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib26","series-title":"Modeling Discrete Time-to-Event Data","author":"Tutz","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxy069","article-title":"Subdistribution hazard models for competing risks in discrete time","volume":"21","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.04.011","article-title":"An updated simplified severity scale for age-related macular degeneration incorporating reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"131","author":"Agr\u00f3n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.09.007","article-title":"OCT risk factors for development of atrophy in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"7","author":"Hirabayashi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15767","article-title":"Epidemiology of geographic atrophy and its precursor features of intermediate age-related macular degeneration","volume":"101","author":"Vujosevic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-61","article-title":"A comparison of Cohen's Kappa and Gwet's AC1 when calculating inter-rater reliability coefficients: a study conducted with personality disorder samples","volume":"13","author":"Wongpakaran","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06221-y","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of subretinal drusenoid deposits in patients' first-degree relatives","volume":"262","author":"Mauschitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003460","article-title":"Subretinal drusenoid deposits and soft drusen: are they markers for distinct retinal diseases?","volume":"42","author":"Thomson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09608-9","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration eyes presenting with cuticular drusen and reticular pseudodrusen","volume":"12","author":"Yoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0183-3","article-title":"Mesopic and dark-adapted two-color fundus-controlled perimetry in patients with cuticular, reticular, and soft drusen","volume":"32","author":"Pfau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06389-x","article-title":"Topographic analysis of local OCT biomarkers which predict progression to atrophy in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"262","author":"Manafi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S272345","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of cuticular drusen: current perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Fragiotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914526003131?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914526003131?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T09:23:36Z","timestamp":1792056216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666914526003131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666914526003131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9145","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cuticular Drusen and the Risk of Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A MACUSTAR Study Report","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101375","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Ophthalmology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101375"}}