{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:45:39Z","timestamp":1791837939825,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023320","name":"The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017317","name":"Catholic Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ophthalmologyscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T23:58:58Z","timestamp":1788566338000},"page":"101398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluator-Masked Assessment of 4 Consumer-Facing Large Language Models on Expert Anterior Segment Ophthalmology Questions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0324-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soonwon","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyoji","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02448-8","article-title":"Large language models in medicine","volume":"29","author":"Thirunavukarasu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7972","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06291-2","article-title":"Large language models encode clinical knowledge","volume":"620","author":"Singhal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-023-00370-1","article-title":"The future landscape of large language models in medicine","volume":"3","author":"Clusmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/76947","article-title":"Evaluating large language models in ophthalmology: systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.30320","article-title":"Comparison of ophthalmologist and large language model chatbot responses to online patient eye care questions","volume":"6","author":"Bernstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.1838","article-title":"Comparing physician and artificial intelligence chatbot responses to patient questions posted to a public social media forum","volume":"183","author":"Ayers","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.05.022","article-title":"Appropriateness and readability of ChatGPT-4-generated responses for surgical treatment of retinal diseases","volume":"7","author":"Momenaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.6917","article-title":"Assessment of a large language model's responses to questions and cases about glaucoma and retina management","volume":"142","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib9","article-title":"Capabilities of GPT-4 on medical challenge problems","author":"Nori","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03097-1","article-title":"Evaluation and mitigation of the limitations of large language models in clinical decision-making","volume":"30","author":"Hager","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000003492","article-title":"Performance of ChatGPT in diagnosis of corneal eye diseases","volume":"43","author":"Delsoz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2024.100485","article-title":"A comparative study of responses to retina questions from either experts, expert-edited large language models, or expert-edited large language models alone","volume":"4","author":"Tailor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03425-5","article-title":"The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models","volume":"31","author":"Gallifant","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib14","article-title":"The simple difference formula: an approach to teaching nonparametric correlation","volume":"3","author":"Kerby","year":"2014","journal-title":"Compr Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib15","series-title":"Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology","author":"Krippendorff","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0200-9","article-title":"Measuring inter-rater reliability for nominal data \u2013 which coefficients and confidence intervals are appropriate?","volume":"16","author":"Zapf","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2025.01.01","article-title":"Assessing the possibility of using large language models in ocular surface diseases","volume":"18","author":"Ling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15101221","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of publicly available large language models in corneal diseases: a comparison with human specialists","volume":"15","author":"Jiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib19","article-title":"Evaluation of large language models in the diagnosis, urgency triage, and initial management of ophthalmic emergencies","volume":"18","author":"Mittal","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.101034","article-title":"Performance of GPT-5 frontier models in ophthalmology question answering","volume":"6","author":"Antaki","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100745","article-title":"Can OpenAI's new o1 model outperform its predecessors in common eye care queries?","volume":"5","author":"Pushpanathan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.3201","article-title":"Artificial intelligence\u2013generated draft replies to patient inbox messages","volume":"7","author":"Garcia","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.6565","article-title":"AI-generated draft replies integrated into health records and physicians' electronic communication","volume":"7","author":"Tai-Seale","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2025.3622","article-title":"Leveraging large language models to generate multiple-choice questions for ophthalmology education","volume":"143","author":"Gholami","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102644","article-title":"Can large language models perform clinical anamnesis? Comparative evaluation of ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini in diagnostic reasoning through case-based questioning in oral and maxillofacial disorders","volume":"127","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.40969","article-title":"Large language model influence on diagnostic reasoning: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Goh","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/46939","article-title":"Putting ChatGPT's medical advice to the (Turing) test: survey study","volume":"9","author":"Nov","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914526003362?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666914526003362?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:59:28Z","timestamp":1791835168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666914526003362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666914526003362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9145"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9145","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluator-Masked Assessment of 4 Consumer-Facing Large Language Models on Expert Anterior Segment Ophthalmology Questions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ophthalmology Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xops.2026.101398","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Ophthalmology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101398"}}