{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:42:05Z","timestamp":1787740925855,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpharmsci.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,8]],"date-time":"2017-06-08T18:19:03Z","timestamp":1496945943000},"page":"3140-3149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Mechanistic Analysis of Human Skin Distribution and Follicular Targeting of Adapalene-Loaded Biodegradable Nanospheres With an Insight Into Hydrogel Matrix Influence, In\u00a0Vitro Skin Irritation, and In\u00a0Vivo Tolerability"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Marwa Ahmed","family":"Sallam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Mar\u00edn Bosc\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9813","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60321-8","article-title":"Acne vulgaris","volume":"379","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2011.09.001","article-title":"Acne vulgaris: pathogenesis, treatment, and needs assessment","volume":"30","author":"Knutsen-Larson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200405050-00014","article-title":"Spotlight on adapalene in acne vulgaris","volume":"5","author":"Waugh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1517\/17425240902832827","article-title":"Retinoids: new use by innovative drug-delivery systems","volume":"6","author":"Trapasso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/117739280700200002","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles, nanospheres and nanocapsules, for cutaneous applications","volume":"2","author":"Guterres","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Target Insights"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2015.1104343","article-title":"A\u00a0synergistic approach of adapalene-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers, and vitamin C co-administration for treating acne","volume":"42","author":"Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2014.05.041","article-title":"Adapalene loaded solid lipid nanoparticles gel: an effective approach for acne treatment","volume":"121","author":"Jain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S39559","article-title":"Utilization of biodegradable polymeric materials as delivery agents in dermatology","volume":"7","author":"Rancan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2016.08.008","article-title":"Development and characterization of polymeric nanoparticle-based formulation of adapalene for topical acne therapy","volume":"13","author":"Ramezanli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-014-1398-z","article-title":"Acid-responsive polymeric nanocarriers for topical adapalene delivery","volume":"31","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.03.046","article-title":"Skin penetration and dermal tolerability of acrylic nanocapsules: influence of the surface charge and a chitosan gel used as vehicle","volume":"507","author":"Contri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3109\/10837450.2012.712537","article-title":"Hydrocortisone-loaded poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles for atopic dermatitis treatment","volume":"18","author":"Rosado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm Dev Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.09.064","article-title":"Poly-\u0454-caprolactone based formulations for drug delivery and tissue engineering: a review","volume":"158","author":"Dash","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib14","series-title":"A\u00a0Study of the Transdermal Drug Delivery Properties of Hyaluronan","first-page":"53","author":"Brown","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2005.12.003","article-title":"Nanoencapsulation I. Methods for preparation of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles","volume":"2","author":"Reis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2013.850711","article-title":"An insight on human skin penetration of diflunisal: lipogel versus hydrogel microemulsion","volume":"41","author":"Sallam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9800-3","article-title":"Methods for the preparation and manufacture of polymeric nanoparticles","volume":"26","author":"Vauthier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2013.769956","article-title":"Poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) microcapsules and nanocapsules in drug delivery","volume":"10","author":"Pohlmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.11.015","article-title":"Selective follicular targeting by modification of the particle sizes","volume":"150","author":"Patzelt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Control Release"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2003.10.038","article-title":"Potential use of nanoparticles for transcutaneous vaccine delivery: effect of particle size and charge","volume":"275","author":"Kohli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2011.03.008","article-title":"Improved photostability and reduced skin permeation of tretinoin: development of a semisolid nanomedicine","volume":"79","author":"Ourique","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2012.1386","article-title":"Development of topical hydrogels containing genistein-loaded nanoemulsions","volume":"8","author":"de Vargas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Nanotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018990010686","article-title":"Structural rheology of a model ointment","volume":"11","author":"Pena","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.06.019","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles-embedded organogel for roxithromycin delivery to hair follicles","volume":"88","author":"Glowka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3109\/03639045.2012.692476","article-title":"A\u00a0modern approach for controlled transdermal delivery of diflunisal: optimization and in\u00a0vivo evaluation","volume":"39","author":"Sallam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018922114398","article-title":"Site-specific drug delivery to pilosebaceous structures using polymeric microspheres","volume":"10","author":"Rolland","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.10.005","article-title":"Topical drug delivery by a polymeric nanosphere gel: formulation optimization and in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo skin distribution studies","volume":"149","author":"Batheja","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Control Release"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.08.055","article-title":"Investigating the ability of nanoparticle-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and xanthan gum gels to enhance drug penetration into the skin","volume":"513","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12192","article-title":"Hyaluronan enhances wound repair and increases collagen III in aged dermal wounds","volume":"22","author":"Damodarasamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.01.012","article-title":"Nanoparticles and microparticles for skin drug delivery","volume":"63","author":"Prow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2011.00600.x","article-title":"Comparison of two encapsulated curcumin particular systems contained in different formulations with regard to in\u00a0vitro skin penetration","volume":"19","author":"Suwannateep","year":"2013","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib32","first-page":"133","article-title":"The effect of hyaluronan on the in\u00a0vitro deposition of diclofenac within the skin","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Tissue React"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(01)00758-X","article-title":"An in\u00a0vitro investigation into the effect of glycosaminoglycans on the skin partitioning and deposition of NSAIDs","volume":"225","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib34","series-title":"Hyaluronan","first-page":"249","article-title":"The use of hyaluronan in topical drug delivery A2-KENNEDY, JOHN F","author":"Brown","year":"2002"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib35","first-page":"275","article-title":"Topical treatment of actinic keratosis with 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel: review of the literature about the cumulative evidence of its efficacy and safety","volume":"151","author":"Javor","year":"2016","journal-title":"G\u00a0Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib36","first-page":"1429","article-title":"Dermal delivery of cyclosporin A entrapped liposomal gels-preformulation Franz cell diffusion studies using silastic membranes","volume":"3","author":"Nazir","year":"2001","journal-title":"STP Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00745.x","article-title":"Absorption of hyaluronan applied to the surface of intact skin","volume":"113","author":"Brown","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.01.018","article-title":"Quantification of nanoparticle uptake into hair follicles in pig ear and human forearm","volume":"179","author":"Raber","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib39","series-title":"Nanotechnology in Dermatology","first-page":"95","article-title":"Hair follicle targeting with nanoparticles","author":"Rancan","year":"2013"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.4155\/tde.14.61","article-title":"Delivery and targeting of nanoparticles into hair follicles","volume":"5","author":"Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther Deliv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021014","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3078813","article-title":"Determination of the cuticula thickness of human and porcine hairs and their potential influence on the penetration of nanoparticles into the hair follicles","volume":"14","author":"Lademann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-011-1163-7","article-title":"Nanoparticles in dermatology","volume":"303","author":"Papakostas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(93)90006-Q","article-title":"Effect of vehicle on the skin permeability of drugs: polyethylene glycol 400-water and ethanol-water binary solvents","volume":"23","author":"Hatanaka","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib44","series-title":"The chemistry, biology and medical applications of hyaluronan and its derivatives","first-page":"291","article-title":"Hyaluronan in drug delivery","author":"Gustafson","year":"1988"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2147\/ciia.2006.1.4.327","article-title":"Retinoids in the treatment of skin aging: an overview of clinical efficacy and safety","volume":"1","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022354917304331?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022354917304331?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T16:33:14Z","timestamp":1575304394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022354917304331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022354917304331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3549","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mechanistic Analysis of Human Skin Distribution and Follicular Targeting of Adapalene-Loaded Biodegradable Nanospheres With an Insight Into Hydrogel Matrix Influence, In\u00a0Vitro Skin Irritation, and In\u00a0Vivo Tolerability","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.05.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 American Pharmacists Association\u00ae. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}