{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:34:36Z","timestamp":1790692476072,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013890","name":"Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpharmsci.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T04:25:04Z","timestamp":1572582304000},"page":"543-557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Identification of Formaldehyde-Induced Modifications in Diphtheria Toxin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Bernard","family":"Metz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Michiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost","family":"Uittenbogaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Danial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wichard","family":"Tilstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo D.","family":"Meiring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim E.","family":"Hennink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daan J.A.","family":"Crommelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gideon F.A.","family":"Kersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Jiskoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6702a1","article-title":"Prevention of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria with vaccines in the United States: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP)","volume":"67","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"283","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib2","first-page":"283","article-title":"Diphtheria toxoid as an immunising agent","volume":"4","author":"Glenny","year":"1923","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sur la toxine et sur l' anatoxine dipht\u00e9riques","volume":"38","author":"Ramon","year":"1924","journal-title":"Ann Inst Pasteur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib4","first-page":"508","article-title":"Sur l'Immunisation antit\u00e9tanique et sur la production de l'antitoxine t\u00e9tanique","volume":"93","author":"Ramon","year":"1925","journal-title":"CR Soc Biol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.02.013","article-title":"WHO working group on revision of the manual of laboratory methods for testing DTP vaccines-report of two meetings held on 20-21 July 2006 and 28-30 March 2007, Geneva, Switzerland","volume":"26","author":"Corbel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib6","series-title":"Manual for Quality Control of Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis Vaccines","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6375","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/357216a0","article-title":"The crystal structure of diphtheria toxin","volume":"357","author":"Choe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32274","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103285200","article-title":"The crystal structure of tetanus toxin Hc fragment complexed with a synthetic GT1b analogue suggests cross-linking between ganglioside receptors and the toxin","volume":"276","author":"Fotinou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7450","DOI":"10.1021\/bi050262j","article-title":"2.3 A crystal structure of tetanus neurotoxin light chain","volume":"44","author":"Breidenbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201744198","article-title":"The structure of the tetanus toxin reveals pH-mediated domain dynamics","volume":"18","author":"Masuyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.11.056","article-title":"NMR study of mutations of glycine-52 of the catalytic domain of diphtheria toxin","volume":"150","author":"Sauve","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20180238","article-title":"Structural and immunological characterization of E. coli derived recombinant CRM197 protein used as carrier in conjugate vaccines","volume":"38","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1021\/bi952469q","volume":"35","author":"Paliwal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11234","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.24.11234","article-title":"Stabilization of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids against moisture-induced aggregation","volume":"92","author":"Schwendeman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(98)00097-X","article-title":"Physico-chemical and antigenic properties of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and steps towards improved stability","volume":"23","author":"Johansen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.08.003","article-title":"Physicochemical and immunochemical techniques predict the quality of diphtheria toxoid vaccines","volume":"22","author":"Metz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.12.033","article-title":"Investigation of the detoxification mechanism of formaldehyde-treated tetanus toxin","volume":"25","author":"Thaysen-Andersen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2013.05.001","article-title":"Physicochemical and immunochemical assays for monitoring consistent production of tetanus toxoid","volume":"41","author":"Metz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.09.020","article-title":"Structural perturbation of diphtheria toxoid upon adsorption to aluminium hydroxide adjuvant","volume":"30","author":"Regnier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.08.028","article-title":"Alginate coated chitosan microparticles mediated oral delivery of diphtheria toxoid. Part A. Systematic optimization, development and characterization","volume":"495","author":"Shukla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2017.1321726","article-title":"Biophysical comparison of diphtheria and tetanus toxins with the formaldehyde-detoxified toxoids, the main components of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines","volume":"8","author":"Alsarraf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2017.04.009","article-title":"The combined use of analytical tools for exploring tetanus toxin and tetanus toxoid structures","volume":"1054","author":"Bayart","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2018.11.006","article-title":"Identity, structure and compositional analysis of aluminum phosphate adsorbed pediatric quadrivalent and pentavalent vaccines","volume":"17","author":"Kalbfleisch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22053","article-title":"The effects of substituted cyclodextrins on the colloidal and conformational stability of selected proteins","volume":"99","author":"Samra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3735","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21261","article-title":"Physical characterization of clostridium difficile toxins and toxoids: effect of the formaldehyde crosslinking on thermal stability","volume":"97","author":"Salnikova","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4194","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21300","article-title":"Preformulation studies of clostridium difficile toxoids A and B","volume":"97","author":"Salnikova","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2006.10.012","article-title":"Toxoid flocculation assay by laser light-scattering","volume":"318","author":"Iwaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib28","first-page":"37","article-title":"Development of an in vitro potency test for tetanus vaccines: an immunoassay based on Hc fragment determination","volume":"111","author":"Prieur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Biol (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib29","first-page":"51","article-title":"Monitoring of diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus toxoids by circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography","volume":"103","author":"Bolgiano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev Biol (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib30","first-page":"35","article-title":"Collaborative study for the validation of serological methods for potency testing of diphtheria toxoid vaccines-part 1","volume":"2003","author":"Winsnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmeuropa Bio"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib31","first-page":"69","article-title":"Collaborative study for the validation of serological methods for potency testing of diphtheria toxoid vaccines\u2013extended study: correlation of serology with in vivo toxin neutralisation","volume":"2003","author":"Sesardic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmeuropa Bio"},{"issue":"39\u201340","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.07.009","article-title":"Quality control of routine, experimental and real-time aged diphtheria toxoids by in vitro analytical techniques","volume":"25","author":"Metz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.09.002","article-title":"Development and use of a novel in vitro assay for testing of diphtheria toxoid in combination vaccines","volume":"350","author":"Coombes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2012.07.011","article-title":"In vitro antigen ELISA for quality control of tetanus vaccines","volume":"40","author":"Coombes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2016.10.005","article-title":"Antigenic fingerprinting of diphtheria toxoid adsorbed to aluminium phosphate","volume":"47","author":"Westdijk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2018.03.002","article-title":"Analytical comparability assessments of 5 recombinant CRM197 proteins from different manufacturers and expression systems","volume":"107","author":"Hickey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.04.059","article-title":"Proteomics of diphtheria toxoid vaccines reveals multiple proteins that are immunogenic and may contribute to protection of humans against corynebacterium diphtheriae","volume":"37","author":"Moller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1030","article-title":"Characterizing biological products and assessing comparability following manufacturing changes","volume":"22","author":"Chirino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2012.10.001","article-title":"Analytical lessons learned from selected therapeutic protein drug comparability studies","volume":"41","author":"Federici","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00266-8","article-title":"Comparison of in vitro and in vivo methods to study stability of PLGA microencapsulated tetanus toxoid vaccines","volume":"19","author":"Sasiak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.12.026","article-title":"Development of a single dose tetanus toxoid formulation based on polymeric microspheres: a comparative study of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) versus chitosan microspheres","volume":"294","author":"Jaganathan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(94)90092-2","article-title":"Biodegradable microspheres as controlled-release tetanus toxoid delivery systems","volume":"12","author":"Alonso","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019833822997","article-title":"Loading of tetanus toxoid to biodegradable nanoparticles from branched poly(sulfobutyl-polyvinyl alcohol)-g-(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles by protein adsorption: a mechanistic study","volume":"19","author":"Jung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00145-4","article-title":"Single shot with tetanus toxoid in biodegradable microspheres protects mice despite acid-induced denaturation of the antigen","volume":"14","author":"Kersten","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00686-2","article-title":"Chitosan microparticles for mucosal vaccination against diphtheria: oral and nasal efficacy studies in mice","volume":"21","author":"van der Lubben","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1080\/03639040701377847","article-title":"Chitosan microparticles as oral delivery system for tetanus toxoid","volume":"33","author":"Ahire","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3109\/21691401.2014.966193","article-title":"Chitosan-HPMC-blended microspheres as a vaccine carrier for the delivery of tetanus toxoid","volume":"44","author":"Arthanari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00032-1","article-title":"Physicochemical and immunological studies on the stability of free and microsphere-encapsulated tetanus toxoid in vitro","volume":"14","author":"Xing","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.01.054","article-title":"Protein stability in the presence of polymer degradation products: consequences for controlled release formulations","volume":"27","author":"Determan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3109\/08982104.2011.637502","article-title":"Chitosan hydrogels containing liposomes and cubosomes as particulate sustained release vaccine delivery systems","volume":"22","author":"Gordon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Liposome Res"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.04.078","article-title":"Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine protein carriers as a \u201cneglected valency\u201d\u2013potential and limitations","volume":"35","author":"Broker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.106","article-title":"Status of paratyphoid fever vaccine research and development","volume":"34","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.02.075","article-title":"Status of vaccine research and development for Shigella","volume":"34","author":"Mani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib54","series-title":"New Generation Vaccines","first-page":"417","article-title":"New and improved vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus","author":"Rappuoli","year":"1997"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6235","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310752200","article-title":"Identification of formaldehyde-induced modifications in proteins: reactions with model peptides","volume":"279","author":"Metz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1021\/bc050340f","article-title":"Identification of formaldehyde-induced modifications in proteins: reactions with insulin","volume":"17","author":"Metz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)70366-4","article-title":"ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2 by diphtheria toxin. Isolation and properties of the novel ribosyl-amino acid and its hydrolysis products","volume":"255","author":"Van Ness","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)63870-0","article-title":"Histidine 21 is at the NAD+ binding site of diphtheria toxin","volume":"264","author":"Papini","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15494","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00255a031","article-title":"Active-site mutations of diphtheria toxin: role of tyrosine-65 in NAD binding and ADP-ribosylation","volume":"33","author":"Blanke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)62015-6","article-title":"Participation of lysine 516 and phenylalanine 530 of diphtheria toxin in receptor recognition","volume":"269","author":"Shen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90623-K","article-title":"Expression cloning of a diphtheria toxin receptor: identity with a heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor precursor","volume":"69","author":"Naglich","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80008-8","article-title":"Crystal structure of the complex of diphtheria toxin with an extracellular fragment of its receptor","volume":"1","author":"Louie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1086\/315324","article-title":"Universal epitopes for human CD4+ cells on tetanus and diphtheria toxins","volume":"181","author":"Diethelm-Okita","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib64","series-title":"Molecular Cloning","author":"Sambrook","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(66)90275-2","article-title":"Determination of free amino groups in proteins by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid","volume":"14","author":"Habeeb","year":"1966","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib66","first-page":"557","article-title":"Nanoscale LC-MS(n): technical design and applications to peptide and protein analysis","volume":"25","author":"Meiring","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sep Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1021\/bi962214s","article-title":"Crystal structure of nucleotide-free diphtheria toxin","volume":"36","author":"Bell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(88)65014-2","article-title":"Diphtheria toxin: purification and properties","volume":"165","author":"Carroll","year":"1988","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M500230-MCP200","article-title":"Absolute quantification of proteins by LCMSE: a virtue of parallel MS acquisition","volume":"5","author":"Silva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(83)91052-2","article-title":"Protein labeling by reductive alkylation","volume":"91","author":"Jentoft","year":"1983","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11263","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.19.11263","article-title":"A structural assignment for a stable acetaldehyde-lysine adduct","volume":"270","author":"Braun","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(95)02408-5","article-title":"The formation and stability of imidazolidinone adducts from acetaldehyde and model peptides. A kinetic study with implications for protein modification in alcohol abuse","volume":"51","author":"Fowles","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/cber.190503801154","article-title":"Ersatz von an Stickstoff gebundenen Wasserstoffatomen durch die Methylgruppe mit H\u00fclfe von Formaldehyd","volume":"38","author":"Eschweiler","year":"1905","journal-title":"Chem Ber"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022354919307178?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022354919307178?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T09:38:08Z","timestamp":1758361088000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022354919307178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022354919307178"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3549","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identification of Formaldehyde-Induced Modifications in Diphtheria Toxin","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.10.047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Pharmacists Association\u00ae.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}