{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T08:00:39Z","timestamp":1793174439761,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jpharmsci.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T15:45:20Z","timestamp":1722959120000},"page":"2997-3011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Small Molecule Topical Ophthalmic Formulation Development\u2014Data Driven Trends & Perspectives from Commercially Available Products in the US"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4855-3520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"Ubhe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Oldenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.17219\/pim\/166413","article-title":"A review on topical ophthalmic drug delivery system: reference to viscosity enhancer","volume":"54","author":"Pawar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.07.027","article-title":"Challenges and obstacles of ocular pharmacokinetics and drug delivery","volume":"58","author":"Urtti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-018-2519-x","article-title":"Topical drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye: addressing the challenge of preclinical to clinical translation","volume":"35","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0004","series-title":"Ophthalmic Biologics","author":"Sobel","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122312","article-title":"Delivery of biologics: topical administration","volume":"302","author":"Kulchar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1039\/C8MD90019A","article-title":"What are the drugs of the future?","volume":"9","author":"Ngo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medchemcomm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13050658","article-title":"Partitioning and spatial distribution of drugs in ocular surface tissues","volume":"13","author":"Balla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13020207","article-title":"Formulation considerations for the management of dry eye disease","volume":"13","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689409167297","article-title":"Local efficacy of cyclosporine in corneal transplant therapy","volume":"13","author":"Oh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.04.030","article-title":"Targeted intracorneal delivery\u2014biodistribution of triamcinolone acetonide following topical iontophoresis of cationic amino acid ester prodrugs","volume":"525","author":"Santer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0011","first-page":"3","article-title":"Clinical development of 1% azithromycin in DuraSite, a topical azalide anti-infective for ocular surface therapy","volume":"1","author":"Friedlaender","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol (Auckl., NZ)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2023.0166","article-title":"Pharmaceutical emulsions: a viable approach for ocular drug delivery","volume":"40","author":"Bisen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajps.2013.09.002","article-title":"Prodrugs incorporated into nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for possible improvement in bioavailability of ocular drugs delivery","volume":"8","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12060570","article-title":"Recent advances in the design of topical ophthalmic delivery systems in the treatment of ocular surface inflammation and their biopharmaceutical evaluation","volume":"12","author":"Mazet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Specialised pharmaceutical formulation: the science and technology of dosage forms","volume":"Ch1","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Dev Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-020-00606-8","article-title":"Gelling hypotonic polymer solution for extended topical drug delivery to the eye","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2019.04.002","article-title":"Ocular biopharmaceutics: impact of modeling and simulation on topical ophthalmic formulation development","volume":"24","author":"Gukasyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-009-9266-6","article-title":"Development of an ex vivo method for evaluation of precorneal residence of topical ophthalmic formulations","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1081\/DDC-120003445","article-title":"Ocular preparations: the formulation approach","volume":"28","author":"Kaur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Dev Ind Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2012.10.005","article-title":"Recent advances in topical ophthalmic drug delivery with lipid-based nanocarriers","volume":"18","author":"Gan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/861904","article-title":"Ophthalmic drug dosage forms: characterisation and research methods","author":"Baranowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0022","unstructured":"USFDA approved drugs database. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/daf\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0023","unstructured":"National library of medicine Dailymed database. https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0024","unstructured":"USFDA inactive ingredients in approved drug products database. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/iig\/index.cfm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0025","unstructured":"PubChem- NIH National library of medicine. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2013.0024","article-title":"Changes in functional visual acuity and ocular wavefront aberration after administration of eye ointment","volume":"29","author":"Hiraoka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2165\/11536720-000000000-00000","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis","volume":"30","author":"Comstock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S42624","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of 0.15% ganciclovir in situ ophthalmic gel for herpes simplex keratitis \u2013 a multicenter, randomized, investigator-masked, parallel group study in Chinese patients","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Des, Dev Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b16-00962","article-title":"Preparation of an ultrafine rebamipide ophthalmic suspension with high transparency","volume":"40","author":"Matsuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3719","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00650","article-title":"Ophthalmic nanoemulsions: from composition to technological processes and quality control","volume":"18","author":"Gawin-Miko\u0142ajewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10010010","article-title":"Ophthalmic drug delivery systems for antibiotherapy\u2014a review","volume":"10","author":"Dubald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2012.142","article-title":"Time course of changes in ocular wavefront aberration after administration of eye ointment","volume":"26","author":"Hiraoka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0033","first-page":"36035","article-title":"A review of the containers available for multi-dose preservative-free eye drops","volume":"45","author":"Crary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed J Sci Tech Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0034","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.abbviecontractmfg.com\/news-and-insights\/addressing-regulatory-challenges-for-ophthalmic-combination-products.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0035","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.raps.org\/News-and-Articles\/News-Articles\/2022\/3\/FDA-shifts-classification-of-some-ophthalmic-produ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2021.0069","article-title":"Eyes on Lipinski's rule of five: a new \u201cRule of Thumb\u201d for physicochemical design space of ophthalmic drugs","volume":"38","author":"Karami","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0037","article-title":"Effective formulation development strategies for poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)","author":"Elder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Pharm Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0038","first-page":"309","article-title":"Solvent systems and their selection in pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics","author":"KIPP","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechnol: Pharm Asp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122020","article-title":"Analysis of heat generation during the production of drug nanosuspensions in a wet stirred media mill","volume":"624","author":"Guner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2016.05.008","article-title":"Impact of jet-milling and wet-polishing size reduction technologies on inhalation API particle properties","volume":"298","author":"Moura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Powder Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1039\/b407105k","article-title":"Effect of molecular symmetry on melting temperature and solubility","volume":"2","author":"Pinal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Org Biomol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2009.01.026","article-title":"An interesting relationship between drug absorption and melting point","volume":"373","author":"Chu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-020-00843-z","article-title":"Corticosteroids in ophthalmology: drug delivery innovations, pharmacology, clinical applications, and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Gaballa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajps.2020.08.002","article-title":"Ocular prodrugs: attributes and challenges","volume":"16","author":"kour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2020.1803278","article-title":"Prodrugs and nanomicelles to overcome ocular barriers for drug penetration","volume":"16","author":"Gote","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930010303017","article-title":"Normal human tear pH by direct measurement","volume":"99","author":"Abelson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001199","article-title":"Implications for ophthalmic formulations: Ocular Buffers Show Varied Cytotoxic Impact on Human Corneal\u2013Limbal and Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells","volume":"36","author":"Schuerer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(87)90005-6","article-title":"Ophthalmic solution buffer systems. II. Effects of buffer type and concentration on the ocular absorption of pilocarpine and a method of ocular bioavailability prediction from physicochemical data","volume":"37","author":"Mitra","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2009.177386","article-title":"Changing the composition of buffered eye-drops prevents undesired side effects","volume":"94","author":"Schrage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0299","article-title":"Stimulation of matrix metalloproteinases by hyperosmolarity via a JNK pathway in human corneal epithelial cells","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Investig Opthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318180e55c","article-title":"Effect of hypotonic 0.4% hyaluronic acid drops in dry eye patients: a cross-over study","volume":"27","author":"Troiano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2011.07.017","article-title":"& Group, the V. S. Efficacy of 0.18% hypotonic sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution in the treatment of signs and symptoms of dry eye disease","volume":"35","author":"Baeyens","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Fran\u00e7ais d'Ophtalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.08.019","article-title":"JNK and ERK MAP kinases mediate induction of IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-8 following hyperosmolar stress in human limbal epithelial cells","volume":"82","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000368","article-title":"Osmolarity of prevalent eye drops, side effects, and therapeutic approaches","volume":"34","author":"Dutescu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0055","first-page":"851","article-title":"Hyperosmolarity potentiates toxic effects of benzalkonium chloride on conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro","volume":"18","author":"Clouzeau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4835(71)80061-1","article-title":"The tonicity of an eye drop and its dilution by tears","volume":"11","author":"Maurice","year":"1971","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.galenos.2018.43827","article-title":"Assessment of phosphate and osmolarity levels in chronically administered eye drops","volume":"49","author":"\u00d6zalp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.114867","article-title":"Non-aqueous formulations in topical ocular drug delivery \u2013 a paradigm shift?","volume":"198","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00769-y","article-title":"Impact of Latanoprost Antiglaucoma eyedrops and their excipients on toxicity and healing characteristics in the ex vivo eye irritation test system","volume":"12","author":"Panfil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, Z. Solution stability of polysorbate 80 under stress conditions. (2024) doi:10.22541\/au.170664838.88937951\/v1.","DOI":"10.22541\/au.170664838.88937951\/v1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0061","article-title":"Oxidation of polysorbates \u2013 an underestimated degradation pathway?","volume":"6","author":"Weber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Pharm: X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/263604","article-title":"Nonionic surfactant vesicles in ocular delivery: innovative approaches and perspectives","volume":"2014","author":"Sahoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.01.016","article-title":"The role of surface active agents in ophthalmic drug delivery: a comprehensive review","volume":"108","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119880","article-title":"Integration of cyclodextrins and associated toxicities: a roadmap for high quality biomedical applications","volume":"295","author":"Trotta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.11.018","article-title":"Cyclodextrins: structure, physicochemical properties and pharmaceutical applications","volume":"535","author":"Jansook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.11.017","article-title":"Cyclodextrins in pharmaceutical formulations I: structure and physicochemical properties, formation of complexes, and types of complex","volume":"21","author":"Jambhekar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2022.214919","article-title":"Cyclodextrin-based ocular drug delivery systems: a comprehensive review","volume":"476","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Coord Chem Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0068","first-page":"2","article-title":"Preservatives from the eye drops and the ocular surface","volume":"59","author":"Coroi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Roman J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2010.03.001","article-title":"Preservatives in eyedrops: the good, the bad and the ugly","volume":"29","author":"Baudouin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S211611","article-title":"The use of preservatives in dry eye drops","volume":"13","author":"Walsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol (Auckl, NZ)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.29.5.803","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of borate-buffered solutions","volume":"29","author":"Houlsby","year":"1986","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2023.04.002","article-title":"Ocular safety of intravitreal ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA): an experimental feasibility study","volume":"10","author":"Zand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.1992.tb01276.x","article-title":"Stabilization by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid of amide and other groups in drug compounds","volume":"17","author":"Fogg","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1021\/js9504189","article-title":"Effect of benzalkonium chloride\/EDTA on the ocular bioavailability of ketorolac tromethamine following ocular instillation to normal and de-epithelialized corneas of rabbits","volume":"85","author":"Madhu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0075","first-page":"110","article-title":"Effects of calcium chelating agents on corneal permeability","volume":"26","author":"Grass","year":"1985","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.08.017","article-title":"Effect of chitosan, benzalkonium chloride and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on permeation of acyclovir across isolated rabbit cornea","volume":"348","author":"Majumdar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0077","unstructured":"USFDA. Guidance for industry container closure systems for packaging human drugs and biologics. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/70788\/download."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0078","article-title":"Oxidation of polysorbates - an underestimated degradation pathway?","volume":"6","author":"Weber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Pharm: X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105736","article-title":"Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose: physicochemical properties and ocular drug delivery formulations","volume":"159","author":"Tundisi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14071431","article-title":"The use of polymer blends in the treatment of ocular diseases","volume":"14","author":"Arribada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.4274\/tjps.galenos.2021.93457","article-title":"Investigation of rheological properties of the ointment bases at justification of the ointment composition for herpes treatment","volume":"18","author":"Ivko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2017.0052","article-title":"Relevance of lipid-based products in the management of dry eye disease","volume":"33","author":"Garrigue","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199403000-00006","article-title":"Influence of topically applied cyclosporine A in olive oil on corneal epithelium permeability","volume":"13","author":"Castillo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1021\/mp300245r","article-title":"Transporter targeted gatifloxacin prodrugs: synthesis, permeability, and topical ocular delivery","volume":"9","author":"Vooturi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2010.05.011","article-title":"Semifluorinated alkanes \u2013 A new class of excipients suitable for pulmonary drug delivery","volume":"76","author":"Tsagogiorgas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022354924002697?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022354924002697?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T16:48:55Z","timestamp":1727887735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022354924002697"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022354924002697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3549","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Small Molecule Topical Ophthalmic Formulation Development\u2014Data Driven Trends & Perspectives from Commercially Available Products in the US","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xphs.2024.07.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 American Pharmacists Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}