{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:52:54Z","timestamp":1792590774808,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY025225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY025225"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY031952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY031952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY030151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY030151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY026877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY026877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY024665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY024665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGECR-2019-00112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGECR-2019-00112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013884","name":"Macula Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006312","name":"BrightFocus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006538","name":"Arthritis Society Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014498","name":"Stanford University Sarafan ChEM-H","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014498","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000142","name":"Arthritis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["449589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["449589"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["STAR Protocols"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:16:26Z","timestamp":1760660186000},"page":"104146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Protocol to extract tear fluid for proteomics using Schirmer strips"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Gia-Han","family":"Ngo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhumeeta","family":"Chadha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Joo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Hyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsai-Chu","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.P.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander G.","family":"Bassuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prithvi","family":"Mruthyunjaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Dufour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinit B.","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib1","first-page":"923","article-title":"Tears in health and disease","volume":"17","author":"Tiffany","year":"2003","journal-title":"Early Years Educat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib2","series-title":"Biochemistry, tear film. StatPearls","author":"Chang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000131066","article-title":"The normal tear film","volume":"41","author":"Tiffany","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.3c00756","article-title":"Liquid Biopsy Proteomics in Ophthalmology","volume":"23","author":"Wolf","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.7.5.12","article-title":"Personalized Proteomics for Precision Health: Identifying Biomarkers of Vitreoretinal Disease","volume":"7","author":"Velez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.787193","article-title":"Proteomics analysis of tears and saliva from sjogren\u2019s syndrome patients","volume":"12","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13020386","article-title":"Precision in tear fluid biomarker discovery: Quantitative proteomic profiling of small-volume, individual samples using capillary tube collection","volume":"13","author":"Frenia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-27872","article-title":"Changes in human tear proteome following topical treatment of dry eye disease: Cyclosporine A versus diquafosol tetrasodium","volume":"60","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31168","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c03186","article-title":"Targeted workflow investigating variations in the tear proteome by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"8","author":"L\u00e9pine","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28363-z","article-title":"Pre-analytical sample handling effects on tear fluid protein levels","volume":"13","author":"Gijs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1021\/pr0501970","article-title":"Characterization of human tear proteome using multiple proteomic analysis techniques","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.04.053","article-title":"In-depth analysis of the human tear proteome","volume":"75","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib13","series-title":"Pushing the Boundaries in Proteomics","article-title":"Push the Boundaries of your Proteomics Research","author":"Moton","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.4c00924","article-title":"Tear protein biomarkers for ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid uncovered using targeted LC-MS\/MS","volume":"24","author":"L\u00e9pine","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.21691","article-title":"Mass spectrometry-based tear proteomics for noninvasive biomarker discovery","volume":"41","author":"Ponzini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mass Spectrom. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3109\/02713689109007608","article-title":"Cystatins in human tear fluid","volume":"10","author":"Barka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-007-0462-1","article-title":"Evaluation of total and allergen-specific secretory IgA in tears of allergic conjunctival disease patients","volume":"51","author":"Inada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1987.01060030096034","article-title":"Vitamin C levels in human tears","volume":"105","author":"Paterson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib19","first-page":"1056","article-title":"A method to extract cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases from Schirmer strips and analyze using Luminex","volume":"17","author":"VanDerMeid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.121.000349","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases: From molecular mechanisms to physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology","volume":"74","author":"de Almeida","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib21","unstructured":"Brott N.R., Zeppieri M., en Ronquillo Y. Schirmer test. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2025. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK559159\/"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-488","article-title":"BioVenn - a web application for the comparison and visualization of biological lists using area-proportional Venn diagrams","volume":"9","author":"Hulsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0638-x","article-title":"DIA-NN: neural networks and interference correction enable deep proteome coverage in high throughput","volume":"17","author":"Demichev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","article-title":"Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106053119","article-title":"Engineered nanoparticles enable deep proteomics studies at scale by leveraging tunable nano-bio interactions","volume":"119","author":"Ferdosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3662","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17033-7","article-title":"Rapid, deep and precise profiling of the plasma proteome with multi-nanoparticle protein corona","volume":"11","author":"Blume","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["STAR Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666166725005520?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666166725005520?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:10:03Z","timestamp":1773771003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666166725005520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666166725005520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-1667"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-1667","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Protocol to extract tear fluid for proteomics using Schirmer strips","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"STAR Protocols","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xpro.2025.104146","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104146"}}