{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:53:00Z","timestamp":1767649980374,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsesreviewsreportstech.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T15:05:12Z","timestamp":1621609512000},"page":"165-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analyzing outcomes after proximal humerus fractures in patients &lt;65 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1001-5279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3965-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Obana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyong S.","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.02.022","article-title":"High inter-rater reliability, agreement, and convergent validity of Constant score in patients with clavicle fractures","volume":"25","author":"Ban","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.03.009","article-title":"Operative versus nonoperative treatment of proximal humeral fractures: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and comparison of observational studies and randomized controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Beks","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib3","article-title":"PHILOS plate versus nonoperative treatment in 2-, 3-, and 4-part proximal humeral fractures: Comparison with healthy control subjects","volume":"27","author":"Caliskan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5760","article-title":"Responsiveness and minimal clinically important change: A comparison between 2 shoulder outcome measures","volume":"45","author":"Christiansen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01529","article-title":"Proximal humeral fracture as a risk factor for subsequent hip fractures","volume":"91","author":"Clinton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.11.009","article-title":"Fractures in older adults. A view of the future?","volume":"49","author":"Court-Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.4893","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand outcome measure (DASH) and its shortened version (QuickDASH)","volume":"44","author":"Franchignoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-261","article-title":"Trends in the surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures - a nationwide 23-year study in Finland","volume":"13","author":"Huttunen","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182008df8","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment of proximal humerus fractures: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Iyengar","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-15-00240","article-title":"Management of acute proximal humeral fractures","volume":"25","author":"Kancherla","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-004-0552-3","article-title":"Proximal humeral fractures with minimal displacement treated conservatively","volume":"28","author":"Keser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21563","article-title":"Epidemiology of humerus fractures in the United States: nationwide emergency department sample, 2008","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib13","first-page":"423","article-title":"Functional and quality of life outcome after non-operatively managed proximal humeral fractures","volume":"18","author":"Kruithof","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib14","first-page":"127","article-title":"A\u00a0specific exercise program for patients with subacromial impingement syndrome can improve function and reduce the need for surgery","volume":"58","author":"Lewis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"6","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.04.016","article-title":"Hemiarthroplasty versus nonoperative treatment of displaced 4-part proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Olerud","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.12.018","article-title":"Internal fixation versus nonoperative treatment of displaced 3-part proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Olerud","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.1629","article-title":"Surgical vs nonsurgical treatment of adults with displaced fractures of the proximal humerus: the PROFHER randomized clinical trial","volume":"313","author":"Rangan","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.00595","article-title":"Complications and long-term outcomes of open reduction and plate fixation of proximal humeral fractures","volume":"101","author":"Robinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.04.008","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the psychometric properties of the Constant-Murley score","volume":"19","author":"Roy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-016-0695-2","article-title":"National trends in proximal humerus fracture treatment patterns","volume":"29","author":"Sabesan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.05.049","article-title":"Displaced proximal humeral fractures: when is surgery necessary?","volume":"46","author":"Tamimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.04.002","article-title":"Current strategies for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures: an analysis of a survey carried out at 348 hospitals in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland","volume":"22","author":"Tepass","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.10.028","article-title":"Outcome measures in the management of proximal humeral fractures: a systematic review of their use and psychometric properties","volume":"20","author":"van de Water","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.12.001","article-title":"The elderly have similar outcomes compared to younger patients after ORIF with locking plate for comminuted proximal humerus fracture","volume":"53","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"}],"container-title":["JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666639121000456?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666639121000456?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T03:21:34Z","timestamp":1763004094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666639121000456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666639121000456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6391"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2666-6391"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Analyzing outcomes after proximal humerus fractures in patients <65 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xrrt.2021.04.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Shoulder & Elbow Surgeons.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}