{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T21:18:48Z","timestamp":1783631928603,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jsesreviewsreportstech.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:32:39Z","timestamp":1777606359000},"page":"100764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In older adults undergoing surgical fixation or arthroplasty following upper limb fractures, does frailty predict post-operative complications and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5255-1445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Callum","family":"MacLeay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4685-6343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jensen","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4399-9710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Giglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2123-1513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aoife","family":"Leahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8053-5165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"van der Stok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4122-191X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Tristan","family":"Cassidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib1","article-title":"The modified 5-item frailty index in total hip arthroplasty patients: a retrospective cohort from a low-middle income country","volume":"20","author":"Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.08.019","article-title":"Impact of the hospital frailty risk score on outcomes following primary total elbow arthroplasty","volume":"34","author":"Bennfors","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/17.6.365","article-title":"Falls by elderly people at home: prevalence and associated factors","volume":"17","author":"Blake","year":"1988","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib4","series-title":"The Lancet","first-page":"752","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","author":"Clegg","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2020.07.014","article-title":"A simplified preoperative risk assessment tool as a predictor of complications in the surgical management of forearm fractures","volume":"14","author":"Congiusta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2022.03.006","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality of fragility proximal humerus fractures: a retrospective cohort study of patients presenting to a level one trauma center","volume":"31","author":"Curtin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S295","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003398","volume":"90","author":"Dave","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v10.i3.166","article-title":"Changing trends in the mortality rate at 1-year post hip fracture - a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Downey","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.10.017","article-title":"Use of a 5-item modified Fragility Index for risk stratification in patients undergoing surgical management of proximal humerus fractures","volume":"5","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02684-y","article-title":"The dynamics of frailty development and progression in older adults in primary care in England (2006\u20132017): a retrospective cohort profile","volume":"22","author":"Fogg","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-022-02204-6","article-title":"The mortality burden of frailty in hip fracture patients: a nationwide retrospective study of cause-specific mortality","volume":"49","author":"Forssten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30668-8","article-title":"Development and validation of a Hospital Frailty Risk Score focusing on older people in acute care settings using electronic hospital records: an observational study","volume":"391","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.07.005","article-title":"FRAIL questionnaire screening tool and short-term outcomes in geriatric fracture patients","volume":"18","author":"Gleason","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447221093728","article-title":"The 5-item modified frailty index for risk stratification of patients undergoing total elbow arthroplasty","volume":"18","author":"Gordon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.12689","article-title":"Risk analysis index for estimation of 30-day postoperative mortality in hip fractures","volume":"8","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-05609-2","article-title":"Orthopedic frailty risk stratification (OFRS): a systematic review of the frailty indices predicting adverse outcomes in orthopedics","volume":"20","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad248","article-title":"Constructing a quality frailty index: you get out what you put in","volume":"53","author":"Hanlon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.12.004","article-title":"Modified frailty index is an effective risk-stratification tool for patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"28","author":"Holzgrefe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib20","series-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for MacOS, Version 29.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp;","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031275","article-title":"Southampton Arm Fracture Frailty and Sarcopenia Study (SAFFSS): a study protocol for the feasibility of assessing frailty and sarcopenia among older patients with an upper limb fracture","volume":"9","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad116","article-title":"Screening instruments to predict adverse outcomes for undifferentiated older adults attending the Emergency Department: results of SOAED prospective cohort study","volume":"52","author":"Leahy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2023.10.021","article-title":"Age-adjusted modified frailty index: association with hip fracture discharge functional dependence","volume":"295","author":"Luck","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib24","article-title":"Effects of frailty on outcomes following surgery among patients with hip fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14269","article-title":"The association of peri-operative scores, including frailty, with outcomes after unscheduled surgery","volume":"73","author":"McGuckin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib26","author":"Mendiratta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1764203","article-title":"Effective risk assessment for distal radius fractures: a rigorous multivariable regression analysis, using a novel 8-Item modified frailty index","volume":"13","author":"Momtaz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2011.0037","article-title":"Comparative performance of comorbidity indices in predicting health care-related behaviors and outcomes among Medicaid enrollees with type 2 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Ou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Popul Health Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.11.020","article-title":"Impact of frailty on outcomes in surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"218","author":"Panayi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16301","article-title":"Impact of peri-operative frailty and operative stress on post-discharge mortality, readmission and days at home in Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"79","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib32","article-title":"Use of a six-item modified frailty index to predict 30-day adverse events, readmission, and mortality in older patients undergoing surgical fixation of lower extremity, pelvic, and acetabular fractures","volume":"7","author":"Pean","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2021.07.016","article-title":"Use of a 5-item modified Fragility Index for risk stratification in patients undergoing surgical management of distal humerus fractures","volume":"5","author":"Saltzman","year":"2021","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39500.677199.AE","article-title":"Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies","volume":"336","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-8-24","article-title":"A standard procedure for creating a frailty index","volume":"8","author":"Searle","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.07.020","article-title":"The 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) is predictive of 30-day postoperative complications and readmission in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD)","volume":"104","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06769-9","article-title":"Rising incidence of stair-related upper extremity fractures among older adults in the United States: a 10-year nationwide analysis","volume":"34","author":"Solaiman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2015.1043833","article-title":"Increased mortality after upper extremity fracture requiring inpatient care","volume":"86","author":"Somersalo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib39","first-page":"10","article-title":"The impact of frailty on adverse outcomes in geriatric hip fracture patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib40","first-page":"128","article-title":"A high hospital frailty risk score indicates an increased risk for complications following surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures","volume":"1","author":"Spoden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m160","article-title":"Measuring multimorbidity beyond counting diseases: systematic review of community and population studies and guide to index choice","author":"Stirland","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanhl.2025.100740","article-title":"Association between Hospital Frailty Risk Score and length of hospital stay, hospital mortality, and hospital costs for all adults in England: a nationally representative, retrospective, observational cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Street","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.11.005","article-title":"New 5-factor modified frailty index using American College of Surgeons NSQIP data","volume":"226","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib45","article-title":"Comparing the clinical frailty Scale and an international classification of diseases-10 modified frailty index in predicting long-term survival in critically ill patients","volume":"4","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06612-7","article-title":"Mortality following proximal humerus fracture\u2014a nationwide register study of 147,692 fracture patients in Sweden","volume":"34","author":"Sumrein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.122.BJR-2022-0275.R1","article-title":"Proximal humerus fractures \u2013 epidemiology, comparison of mortality rates after surgical versus non-surgical treatment, and analysis of risk factors based on Medicare registry data","volume":"12","author":"Walter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.12.168","article-title":"The modified 5-item frailty index: a concise and useful tool for assessing the impact of frailty on postoperative morbidity following elective posterior lumbar fusions","volume":"124","author":"Weaver","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib50","author":"Wells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.05.029","article-title":"Use of a 5-item modified frailty index for risk stratification in patients undergoing surgical management of distal radius fractures","volume":"43","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06553-1","article-title":"Frailty, length of stay and cost in hip fracture patients","volume":"34","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.06.014","article-title":"Efficacy of the modified Frailty Index and the modified Charlson Comorbidity Index in predicting complications in patients undergoing operative management of proximal humerus fracture","volume":"30","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20230330-02","article-title":"The relationship between frailty and functional outcomes, range of motion, and reoperation after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humerus fracture","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthopedics"}],"container-title":["JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666639126001021?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666639126001021?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T20:41:34Z","timestamp":1783629694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666639126001021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666639126001021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6391","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In older adults undergoing surgical fixation or arthroplasty following upper limb fractures, does frailty predict post-operative complications and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JSES Reviews, Reports, and Techniques","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xrrt.2026.100764","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100764"}}