{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:57:19Z","timestamp":1790740639257,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advancessurgery.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T23:09:13Z","timestamp":1662764953000},"page":"287-304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["What Is the Best Treatment for Acute Limb Ischemia?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth G.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alik","family":"Farber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2017.10.008","article-title":"Acute limb ischemia","volume":"20","author":"Gilliland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.03.244","article-title":"Trends in the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of acute lower extremity ischemia in the United States Medicare population","volume":"60","author":"Baril","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2015.09.055","article-title":"Open surgical or endovascular revascularization for acute limb ischemia","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00884.x","article-title":"Acute non-traumatic arm ischaemia","volume":"85","author":"Eyers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016424","article-title":"Population-based study of incidence, risk factors, outcome, and prognosis of ischemia peripheral arterial events: implications for prevention","volume":"132","author":"Howard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2008.12.004","article-title":"Proper evaluation and management of acute embolic versus thrombotic limb ischemia","volume":"22","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1006054","article-title":"Acute limb ischemia","volume":"366","author":"Creager","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib8","article-title":"Surgery versus thrombolysis for initial management of acute limb ischemia","author":"Berridge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.11.018","article-title":"Catheter directed thrombolysis protocols for peripheral arterial occlusions: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Ebben","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2014.06.042","article-title":"Low-dose thrombolytics for thromboembolic lower extremity arterial occlusions is effective without major hemorrhagic complications","volume":"48","author":"Ebben","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.07.056","article-title":"Analysis of the results of endovascular and open surgical treatment of acute limb ischemia","volume":"69","author":"de Athayde Soares","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1177\/1526602815592849","article-title":"Rheolytic pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for the management of acute limb ischemia: results from the PEARL registry","volume":"22","author":"Leung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Endovasc Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2020.03.061","article-title":"Fast-track thrombolysis protocol for acute limb ischemia","volume":"73","author":"Ascher","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2019.11.038","article-title":"Analysis of the safety and efficacy of the endovascular treatment for acute limb ischemia with percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy compared with catheter-directed thrombolysis","volume":"66","author":"de Athayde Soares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2016.12.018","article-title":"Risk of acute kidney injury after percutaneous pharmacomechanical thrombectomy using AngioJet in venous and arterial thrombosis","volume":"42","author":"Escobar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.06.109","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of endovascular versus surgical revascularization for acute lower extremity ischemia","volume":"61","author":"Taha","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.05.031","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of endovascular and surgical revascularization techniques in acute limb ischemia","volume":"71","author":"Veenstra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.10.079","article-title":"Single-center experience with Indigo aspiration thrombectomy for acute lower limb ischemia","volume":"72","author":"Lopez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2017.11.030","article-title":"Aspiration thrombectomy versus conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis as first-line treatment for noniatrogenic acute lower limb ischemia","volume":"29","author":"Kwok","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2018.05.002","article-title":"Acute limb ischemia","volume":"98","author":"McNally","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"Suppl S","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.12.037","article-title":"Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II)","volume":"45","author":"Norgren","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Donato G, Pasqui E, Setacci F, et\u00a0al. Acute on chronic limb ischemia: from surgical embolectomy and thrombolysis to endovascular options. Semin Vasc Surg 2018;31(2-4):66\u201375.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2018.12.008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2003.08.006","article-title":"Digital fluoroscopy as a valuable adjunct to open vascular operations","volume":"16","author":"Lipsitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02001883","article-title":"Fluoroscopically assisted thromboembolectomy: an improved method for treating acute arterial occlusions","volume":"10","author":"Parsons","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.09.016","article-title":"The combination of surgical embolectomy and endovascular techniques may improve outcomes of patients with acute lower limb ischemia","volume":"59","author":"de Donato","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(96)70067-8","article-title":"Surgical revascularization versus thrombolysis for nonembolic lower extremity native artery occlusions: results of a prospective randomized trial. The STILE Investigators","volume":"24","author":"Weaver","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"9501","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67704-5","article-title":"Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischemia of the leg (BASIL): multicentre, randomized controlled trial","volume":"366","author":"Adam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003219","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003219","article-title":"Design and rationale of the best endovascular versus best surgical therapy for patients with critical limb ischemia (BEST-CLI) trial","volume":"5","author":"Menard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2013.04.036","article-title":"Outcomes of lower extremity bypass for acute limb ischemia","volume":"58","author":"Baril","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.08.174","article-title":"Safety of transfer, type of procedure, and factors predictive of limb salvage in modern series of acute limb ischemia","volume":"69","author":"Hemingway","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2015.10.004","article-title":"Risk factors for long-term mortality and amputation after open and endovascular treatment of acute limb ischemia","volume":"30","author":"Genovese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(96)00129-8","article-title":"Results of a prospective, randomized trial of surgery versus thrombolysis for occluded lower extremity bypass grafts","volume":"172","author":"Comerota","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.05.008","article-title":"Thrombolysis for lower extremity bypass graft occlusion","volume":"54","author":"Koraen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib34","series-title":"Rutherford\u2019s vascular surgery","first-page":"2190","article-title":"Lower extremity aneurysms","author":"Jacobowitz","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2009.11.010","article-title":"Clinical outcome of acute leg ischemia due to thrombosed popliteal artery aneurysm: systematic review of 895 cases","volume":"39","author":"Kropman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2013.01.012","article-title":"A\u00a0multicentric experience with open surgical repair and endovascular exclusion of popliteal artery aneurysms","volume":"45","author":"Pulli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib37","first-page":"00680","article-title":"The Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines on popliteal artery aneurysms","volume":"S0741-5214","author":"Farber","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31820ef345","article-title":"Acute limb ischemia","volume":"342","author":"Jaffery","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib39","series-title":"Vascular decision making: medical, endovascular, surgical","first-page":"310","article-title":"Acute limb ischemia","author":"Brooks","year":"2021"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055146","article-title":"Reduction in acute limb ischemia with rivaroxaban versus placebo in peripheral artery disease after lower extremity revascularization: insights from VOYAGER PAD","volume":"144","author":"Hess","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004_bib41","article-title":"Low-dose rivaroxaban and aspirin among patients with peripheral artery disease: a meta-analysis of the COMPASS and VOYAGER trials","author":"Anand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Advances in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S006534112200015X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S006534112200015X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T20:31:09Z","timestamp":1758745869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S006534112200015X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S006534112200015X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0065-3411"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0065-3411","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"What Is the Best Treatment for Acute Limb Ischemia?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Advances in Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yasu.2022.03.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}