{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:40:26Z","timestamp":1792784426530,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":379,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Office for International Science and Engineering","award":["1353713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1353713"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AR070313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR070313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A&M University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,25]],"date-time":"2017-12-25T01:12:23Z","timestamp":1514164343000},"page":"190-199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["The blastema and epimorphic regeneration in mammals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"433","author":[{"given":"Ashley W.","family":"Seifert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Muneoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.05.007","article-title":"A transitional extracellular matrix instructs cell behavior during muscle regeneration","volume":"344","author":"Calve","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-200162","article-title":"Biochemical and mechanical environment cooperatively regulate skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"26","author":"Calve","year":"2012","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2011.06.008","article-title":"The MSC: an injury drugstore","volume":"9","author":"Caplan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(74)90239-5","article-title":"Morphogenetic interactions between rotated skin cuffs and underlying stump tissues in regenerating axolotl forelimbs","volume":"39","author":"Carlson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2017.1353085","article-title":"Osteoblast-osteoclast interactions","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.134882","article-title":"Beryllium nitrate inhibits fibroblast migration to disrupt epimorphic regeneration","volume":"143","author":"Cook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/reg2.51","article-title":"Analogous cellular contribution and healing mechanisms following digit amputaton and phalangeal fracture in mice","volume":"3","author":"Dawson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib8","first-page":"4","article-title":"The periosteal requirement and temporal dynamics of BMP2-induced middle phalanx regeneration in the adult mouse","author":"Dawson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4MR0316-102R","article-title":"Angiogenesis and wound repair: when enough is enough","volume":"100","author":"DiPietro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12783","article-title":"Distinct fibroblast lineages determine dermal architecture in skin development and repair","volume":"504","author":"Driskell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(77)90157-9","article-title":"The role of grafted skin in the regeneration of x-irradiated axolotl limbs","volume":"56","author":"Dunis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.02.016","article-title":"A stepwise model system for limb regeneration","volume":"270","author":"Endo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.133363","article-title":"Neuregulin-1 signaling is essential for nerve-dependent axolotl limb regeneration","volume":"143","author":"Farkas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2010.11.035","article-title":"Wound healing and blastema formation in regenerating digit tips of adult mice","volume":"350","author":"Fernando","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02084","article-title":"Sustained production of ROS triggers compensatory proliferation and is required for regeneration to proceed","volume":"3","author":"Gauron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11164","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11164","article-title":"Comparative analysis of ear-hole closure identifies epimorphic regeneration as a discrete trait in mammals","volume":"7","author":"Gawriluk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.1987.tb00155.x","article-title":"Control of blastema cell proliferation by possible interplay of calcium and cyclic nucleotides during newt limb regeneration","volume":"35","author":"Globus","year":"1987","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(80)90169-4","article-title":"Effect of apical epidermal cap on mitotic cycle and cartilage differentiation in regeneration blastemata in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens","volume":"75","author":"Globus","year":"1980","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(80)90169-4","article-title":"Effect of apical epidermal cap on mitotic cycle and cartilage differentiation in regeneration blastemata in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens","volume":"75","author":"Globus","year":"1980","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300290110","article-title":"Macrophages are required for adult salamander limb regeneration","volume":"110","author":"Godwin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-015-9590-z","article-title":"Pericytes: properties, functions and applications in tissue engineering","volume":"11","author":"G\u00f6k\u00e7inar-Yagci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib22","series-title":"Principles of Regeneration","author":"Goss","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198009000-00038","article-title":"Prospects for regeneration in man","volume":"151","author":"Goss","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/12.1.151","article-title":"Tissue interactions in regeneration of rabbit ear holes","volume":"12","author":"Goss","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib25","first-page":"708","article-title":"Morphogenetic influence of cartilage in regenerating rabbit ear holes","volume":"12","author":"Grimes","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib26","first-page":"4","article-title":"Environmental changes in oxygen tension reveal ROS-dependent neurogenesis and regeneration in the adult newt brain","author":"Hameed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0177(2000)9999:9999<::AID-DVDY1085>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Expression patterns of Fgf-8 during development and limb regeneration of the axolotl","volume":"220","author":"Han","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.12.025","article-title":"Development and regeneration of the neonatal digit tip in mice","volume":"315","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(61)90009-4","article-title":"Origin of the blastema in regenerating limbs of the newt Triturus viridescens. An autoradiographic study using tritiated thymidine to follow cell proliferation and migration","volume":"3","author":"Hay","year":"1961","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(74)80220-4","article-title":"Trapped fingers and amputated finger tips in children","volume":"9","author":"Illingworth","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.06.002","article-title":"Dedifferentiated schwann cell precursors secreting paracrine factors are required for regeneration of the mammalian digit tip","volume":"19","author":"Johnston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800530415","article-title":"Tissue replacement in the rabbit's ear","volume":"53","author":"Joseph","year":"1966","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6189","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.6189","article-title":"Organizer-like reticular stromal cell layer common to adult secondary lymphoid organs","volume":"181","author":"Katakai","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10546","article-title":"Deer antler regeneration: cells, concepts, and controversies","volume":"268","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2008.11.011","article-title":"Improbable appendages: deer antler renewal as a unique case of mammalian regeneration","volume":"20","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.04.014","article-title":"Bone regenerates via dedifferentiation of osteoblasts in the zebrafish fin","volume":"20","author":"Knopf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08152","article-title":"Cells keep a memory of their tissue origin during axolotl limb regeneration","volume":"460","author":"Kragl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1147710","article-title":"Molecular basis for the nerve dependence of limb regeneration in an adult vertebrate","volume":"318","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib39","first-page":"6","article-title":"Reciprocal analyses in zebrafish and medaka reveal that harnessing the immune response promotes cardiac regeneration","author":"Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9089610","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9089610","article-title":"The alternative faces of macrophage generate osteoclasts","volume":"2016","author":"Lampiasi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.07.020","article-title":"SDF-1alpha\/CXCR4 signaling mediates digit tip regeneration promoted by BMP-2","volume":"382","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib42","article-title":"Are fingernails a key to unlocking the puzzle of mammalian limb regeneration?","author":"Lehoczky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20609","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1118017108","article-title":"Mouse digit tip regeneration is mediated by fate-restricted progenitor cells","volume":"108","author":"Lehoczky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13249","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518874112","article-title":"Lgr6 marks nail stem cells and is required for digit tip regeneration","volume":"112","author":"Lehoczky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib45","first-page":"71","article-title":"The role of the macrophage in wound repair. A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum","volume":"78","author":"Leibovich","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00575322","article-title":"Nouvelles donnees sur les roles de la peau et des tissues internes dans la regeneration du membre du triton Pleurodeles waltlii, Michah (amphibian urodele)","volume":"776","author":"Lheureux","year":"1975","journal-title":"Wilhelm. Roux. Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00575323","article-title":"R\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des membres irradi\u00e9s dePleurodeles waltlii Michah.(Urod\u010dle). Influence des qualit\u00e9s et orientations des greffons non irradies","volume":"176","author":"Lheureux","year":"1975","journal-title":"Wilhelm. Roux'Arch. Entwickl. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21000","article-title":"Deer antler regeneration: a stem cell-based epimorphic process","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21018","article-title":"Scarless fetal skin wound healing update","volume":"96","author":"Lo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. Part C: Embryo Today: Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2659","article-title":"Amputation-induced reactive oxygen species are required for successful Xenopus tadpole tail regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(79)90082-4","article-title":"Denervation effects on newt limb regeneration: collagen and collagenase","volume":"71","author":"Mailman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/reg2.75","article-title":"Fibroblast reticular cells engineer a blastema extracellular network during digit tip regeneration in mice","volume":"4","author":"Marrero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib53","article-title":"Ear wound regeneration in the African spiny mouse Acomys cahirinus","author":"Matias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib54","first-page":"785","article-title":"The cellular basis of limb regeneration in urodeles","volume":"40","author":"Mescher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/reg2.77","article-title":"Macrophages and fibroblasts during inflammation and tissue repair in models of organ regeneration","author":"Mescher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-169X.1997.t01-5-00003.x","article-title":"Transferrin is necessary and sufficient for the neural effect on growth in amphibian limb regeneration blastemas","volume":"39","author":"Mescher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib57","first-page":"39","article-title":"Regenerative capacity and the developing immune system","volume":"93","author":"Mescher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4386","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.098046","article-title":"Mouse Hoxa2 mutations provide a model for microtia and auricle duplication","volume":"140","author":"Minoux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.090248","article-title":"Selective and specific macrophage ablation is detrimental to wound healing in mice","volume":"175","author":"Mirza","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib60","first-page":"53","article-title":"Cellular plasticity during vertebrate appendage regeneration","volume":"367","author":"Monaghan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib61","series-title":"Regeneration","author":"Morgan","year":"1901"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3487","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.11.3487","article-title":"Nerve dependency of regeneration: the role of distal-less and FGF signaling in amphibian limb regeneration","volume":"122","author":"Mullen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.20137","article-title":"Mammalian regeneration and regenerative medicine","volume":"84","author":"Muneoka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. C Embryo Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(86)90062-X","article-title":"Cellular contribution from dermis and cartilage to the regenerating limb blastema in axolotls","volume":"116","author":"Muneoka","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199610)246:2<155::AID-AR1>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Perspective: a suggested role for basement membrane structures during newt limb regeneration","volume":"246","author":"Neufeld","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199605)245:1<122::AID-AR17>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Stabilizing role of the basement membrane and dermal fibers during newt limb regeneration","volume":"245","author":"Neufeld","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.1995.30410.x","article-title":"Bone regrowth after digit tip amputation in mice is equivalent in adults and neonates","volume":"3","author":"Neufeld","year":"1995","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(91)90331-V","article-title":"Characterization of a newt tenascin cDNA and localization of tenascin mRNA during newt limb regeneration by in situ hybridization","volume":"148","author":"Onda","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051180106","article-title":"The blood vessels of the regenerating limb of the adult newt, Triturus","volume":"118","author":"Peadon","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.098459","article-title":"Macrophages modulate adult zebrafish tail fin regeneration","volume":"141","author":"Petrie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10346","article-title":"Germ-layer and lineage-restricted stem\/progenitors regenerate the mouse digit tip","volume":"476","author":"Rinkevich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"aaa2151","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa2151","article-title":"Skin fibrosis. Identification and isolation of a dermal lineage with intrinsic fibrogenic potential","volume":"348","author":"Rinkevich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20034","article-title":"Vascular supplies differ in regenerating and nonregenerating amputated rodent digits","volume":"278","author":"Said","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anat. Rec. A Discov. Mol. Cell Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0140156","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140156","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen promotes proximal bone regeneration and organized collagen composition during digit regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Sammarco","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2261","article-title":"Endogenous bone regeneration Is dependent Upon a dynamic oxygen event","author":"Sammarco","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2008.04.030","article-title":"Neurotrophic regulation of epidermal dedifferentiation during wound healing and limb regeneration in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)","volume":"319","author":"Satoh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.29.191","article-title":"Collagen reconstitution is inversely correlated with induction of limb regeneration in Ambystoma mexicanum","volume":"29","author":"Satoh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11499","article-title":"Skin shedding and tissue regeneration in African spiny mice (Acomys)","volume":"489","author":"Seifert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800180-6.00004-9","article-title":"New insights into vertebrate skin regeneration","volume":"310","author":"Seifert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24623","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.24623","article-title":"Macrophages are necessary for epimorphic regeneration in African spiny mice","volume":"6","author":"Simkin","year":"2017","journal-title":"elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/reg2.36","article-title":"The mammalian blastema: regeneration at our fingertips","volume":"2","author":"Simkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/reg2.34","article-title":"Epidermal closure regulates histolysis during mammalian (Mus) digit regeneration","volume":"2","author":"Simkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1086\/398873","article-title":"The influence of the nerve in regeneration of the amphibian extremity","volume":"27","author":"Singer","year":"1952","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2012.07.033","article-title":"Hedgehog and Wnt coordinate signaling in myogenic progenitors and regulate limb regeneration","volume":"371","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1540507","article-title":"Advances in signaling in vertebrate regeneration as a prelude to regenerative medicine","volume":"21","author":"Stoick-Cooper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16974","article-title":"MARCKS-like protein is an initiating molecule in axolotl appendage regeneration","author":"Sugiura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12214","article-title":"Wnt activation in nail epithelium couples nail growth to digit regeneration","volume":"499","author":"Takeo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.03.018","article-title":"Epithelium-derived Wnt ligands are essential for maintenance of underlying digit bone","volume":"136","author":"Takeo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402090309","article-title":"The distribution of cells in the upper forelimb of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum","volume":"209","author":"Tank","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.1975.tb01439.x","article-title":"The roles of injury, nerves, and the wound epidermis during the initiation of amphibian limb regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Tassava","year":"1975","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-475X.1996.40113.x","article-title":"Extracellular matrix protein turnover during salamander limb regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Tassava","year":"1996","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib92","first-page":"357","article-title":"The effect of apical cap removal on limb regeneration in Amblystoma larvae","volume":"134","author":"Thornton","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool. Part A: Ecol. Genet. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401340209","article-title":"The effect of apical cap removal on limb regeneration in Amblystoma larvae","volume":"134","author":"Thornton","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(60)90054-3","article-title":"Influence of an eccentric epidermal cap on limb regeneration in Amblystoma larvae","volume":"2","author":"Thornton","year":"1960","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(62)90017-9","article-title":"Eccentric blastema formation in aneurogenic limbs of Ambystoma larvae following epidermal cap deviation","volume":"5","author":"Thornton","year":"1962","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02141984","article-title":"The regeneration of accessory limb parts following epidermal cap transplantation in urodeles","volume":"21","author":"Thornton","year":"1965","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.1987.tb00145.x","article-title":"A test of the punctuated-cycling hypothesis in Ambystoma forelimb regenerates: the roles of animal size, limb innervation, and the aneurogenic condition","volume":"35","author":"Tomlinson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.04.013","article-title":"Fate restriction in the growing and regenerating zebrafish fin","volume":"20","author":"Tu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.12.003","article-title":"Normal newt limb regeneration requires matrix metalloproteinase function","volume":"279","author":"Vinarsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib100","series-title":"Asexual Propagation and Regeneration","author":"Vorontsova","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib101","series-title":"Vertebrate Limb Regeneration","author":"Wallace","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H812","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00153.2015","article-title":"Pigment epithelium-derived factor as a multifunctional regulator of wound healing","volume":"309","author":"Wietecha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402120211","article-title":"Regeneration of rabbit ear tissue","volume":"212","author":"Williams-Boyce","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib104","first-page":"55","article-title":"Comparison of ear tissue regeneration in mammals","volume":"149","author":"Williams-Boyce","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.255000.114","article-title":"Oxygen-sensing PHDs regulate bone homeostasis through the modulation of osteoprotegerin","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.042424","article-title":"BMP signaling induces digit regeneration in neonatal mice","volume":"137","author":"Yu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2012.09.021","article-title":"BMP2 induces segment-specific skeletal regeneration from digit and limb amputations by establishing a new endochondral ossification center","volume":"372","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/reg2.24","article-title":"Angiogenesis is inhibitory for mammalian digitregeneration","volume":"1","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regeneration"}],"container-title":["Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001216061730386X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001216061730386X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T04:34:23Z","timestamp":1757910863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001216061730386X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S001216061730386X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1606","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The blastema and epimorphic regeneration in mammals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Developmental Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}