{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:42:26Z","timestamp":1785282146299,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":277,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113-2311-B-178-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2311-B-178-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017431","name":"Ibaraki University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T11:08:19Z","timestamp":1748948899000},"page":"122-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Systemic positive feedback regulation of ecdysone biosynthesis via sugar metabolism in insects"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"525","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6843-920X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takumi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Hong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(77)90105-8","article-title":"In vitro activation of neurosecretory brain cells in Mamestra brassicae by beta-ecdysone","volume":"33","author":"Agui","year":"1977","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4634","article-title":"Glycolytic genes are targets of the nuclear receptor Ad4BP\/SF-1","volume":"5","author":"Baba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01919312","article-title":"The regulation of trehalose metabolism in insects","volume":"52","author":"Becker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(83)90084-7","article-title":"Feedback inhibition of ecdysone production by 20-hydroxyecdysone in Pieris brassicae pupae","volume":"29","author":"Beydon","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1515\/znb-1954-0601","article-title":"\u00dcber die isolierung eines metamorphose-hormons der insekten in kristallisierter","volume":"9","author":"Butenandt","year":"1954","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch. B Chem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98334-9","article-title":"Activation of EGFR signaling by Tc-Vein and Tc-Spitz regulates the metamorphic transition in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum","volume":"11","author":"Chafino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2006.06.011","article-title":"Stage-dependent effects of starvation on the growth, metamorphosis, and ecdysteroidogenesis by the prothoracic glands during the last larval instar of the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib8","first-page":"529","article-title":"Biosynthesis of a-ecdysone by prothoracic glands in vitro","volume":"183","author":"Chino","year":"1974","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Humanit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.188110","article-title":"Ecdysone-dependent feedback regulation of prothoracicotropic hormone controls the timing of developmental maturation","volume":"147","author":"Christensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.092","article-title":"EGFR signaling is a major regulator of ecdysone biosynthesis in the Drosophila prothoracic gland","volume":"30","author":"Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(82)90120-2","article-title":"Juvenile hormone titers and metabolism during statvation-induced supernumerary larval molting of the tobacco hornworm","volume":"28","author":"Cymborowski","year":"1982","journal-title":"Manduca sexta L. J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(96)00068-9","article-title":"Programmed cell death of the prothoracic glands of Manduca sexta during pupal-adult metamorphosis","volume":"27","author":"Dai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.121.1.133","article-title":"The physiology of wandering behaviour in Manduca sexta. IV. Hormonal induction of wandering behaviour from the isolated nervous system","volume":"121","author":"Dominik","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1935.0044","article-title":"A hormone causing pupation in the blowfly calliphora erythrocephala","volume":"118","author":"Fraenkel","year":"1935","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(82)90113-5","article-title":"The role of ecdysteroids in the determination of gut-purge timing in the saturniid, Samia cynthia ricini","volume":"28","author":"Fujishita","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab1912.16.414","article-title":"Induction of pupation in silkworm by transplanting the prothoracic gland","volume":"16","author":"Fukuda","year":"1940","journal-title":"Proc. Imp. Acad, Japan"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib17","first-page":"477","article-title":"The hormonal mechanism of larval molting and metamorphosis in the silkworm","volume":"IV","author":"Fukuda","year":"1944","journal-title":"J. Fac. Sci. Tokyo Univ. Sect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2022.103864","article-title":"Bombyxin-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in relation to sugar transporter\/trehalase expressions in Bombyx prothoracic glands","volume":"151","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2014.11.007","article-title":"Modulatory effects of bombyxin on ecdysteroidogenesis in Bombyx mori prothoracic glands","volume":"72","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.20029","article-title":"Analysis of ecdysteroidogenic activity of the prothoracic glands during the last larval instar of the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"58","author":"Gu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib21","article-title":"Involvement of phosphorylation of adenosine 5\u2019-monophosphate-activated protein kinase in PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in prothoracic glands of the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"8","author":"Gu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2024.104672","article-title":"Expressions of sugar transporters\/trehalases in relation to PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"157","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2011.12.010","article-title":"TOR signaling is involved in PTTH-stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis by prothoracic glands in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"42","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00576693","article-title":"Zur entwicklungsmechanik der schmetterlinge","volume":"125","author":"Hachlow","year":"1931","journal-title":"W. Roux' Archiv f. Entwicklungsmechanik"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3109\/07435809509030439","article-title":"Routes and regulation of NADPH production in steroidogenic mitochondria","volume":"21","author":"Hanukoglu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05398.x","article-title":"EcR expression in the prothoracicotropic hormone-producing neurosecretory cells of the Bombyx mori brain","volume":"273","author":"Hossain","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1038\/191933b0","article-title":"Brain hormone of the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"191","author":"Ichikawa","year":"1961","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103239","article-title":"Pigment dispersing factor regulates ecdysone biosynthesis via Bombyx neuropeptide G protein coupled receptor-B2 in the prothoracic glands of Bombyx mori","volume":"9","author":"Iga","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.1983.00593.x","article-title":"Species specificity of the insect prothoracicotropic hormone (PITH): the presence of Bombyx-and Samia-specific PTTHs in the brain of Bombyx mori: (prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)\/peptide hormone species specificity\/Bombyx mori\/Samia Cynthia ricini)","volume":"25","author":"Ishizaki","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.17.1035","article-title":"Bombyxin: an insect brain peptide that belongs to the insulin family","volume":"17","author":"Iwami","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zoolog. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.1980.tb03025.x","article-title":"Induction of supernumerary molting by starvation in Manduca sexta larvae","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"1980","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6480(02)00507-5","article-title":"Applying fenoxycarb at the penultimate instar triggers an additional ecdysteroid surge and induces perfect extra larval molting in the silkworm","volume":"128","author":"Kamimura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.823418","article-title":"Transcriptional regulators of ecdysteroid biosynthetic enzymes and their roles in insect development","volume":"13","author":"Kamiyama","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.200373","article-title":"Regulation of ecdysone production in Drosophila by neuropeptides and peptide hormones","volume":"11","author":"Kannangara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.8735917","article-title":"On the hormonal control of insect metamorphosis. A historical review","volume":"40","author":"Karlson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1002\/cber.19650980743","article-title":"Zur chemie des ecdysons, VI: reaktionen des ecdysonmolek\u00fcls","volume":"98","author":"Karlson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Chem. Ber."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib37","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Isolation and partial characterization of a prothoracicotropic hormone of silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"51","author":"Kataoka","year":"1987","journal-title":"Agric. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib38","first-page":"1333","article-title":"Molecular cloning of the Bombyx mori prothoracicotropic hormone","volume":"247","author":"Kawakami","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Humanit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib39","first-page":"741","article-title":"Variations induced in larval, pupal and imaginal stages of Bombyx mori by controlled varying food supply","volume":"18","author":"Kellogg","year":"1903","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Humanit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.2307\/1536759","article-title":"Studies on the necessity of the brain for the inception of insect metamorphosis","volume":"42","author":"Kope\u0107","year":"1922","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2017.11.002","article-title":"Unravelling the diversity of mechanisms through which nutrition regulates body size in insects","volume":"25","author":"Koyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18163","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.737072","article-title":"20-Hydroxyecdysteroid (20E) primary response gene E75 isoforms mediate steroidogenesis autoregulation and regulate developmental timing in Bombyx","volume":"291","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-011118-112007","article-title":"Fat body biology in the last decade","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2007.03.004","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo stimulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by prothoracicotropic hormone in prothoracic gland cells and its developmental regulation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"53","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.07.014","article-title":"Metabolic flux and the regulation of mammalian cell growth","volume":"14","author":"Locasale","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-092910-154237","article-title":"Aerobic glycolysis: meeting the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation","volume":"27","author":"Lunt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2020.10.005","article-title":"Interorgan communication in the control of metamorphosis","volume":"43","author":"Malita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2009.08.020","article-title":"Control of ecdysteroidogenesis in prothoracic glands of insects: a review","volume":"31","author":"Marchal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.619411","article-title":"Flies without trehalose","volume":"290","author":"Matsuda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2017.09.002","article-title":"Steroidogenesis: unanswered questions","volume":"28","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1336.012","article-title":"P450 oxidoreductase deficiency: a new disorder of steroidogenesis","volume":"1061","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2005.00581.x","article-title":"Membrane-penetrating trehalase from silkworm Bombyx mori. Molecular cloning and localization in larval midgut","volume":"14","author":"Mitsumasu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.25.693","article-title":"Changes in the expression of soluble and integral-membrane trehalases in the midgut during metamorphosis in Bombyx mori","volume":"25","author":"Mitsumasu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.1990.00591.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of prothoracicotropic hormone-producing neurosecretory cells in the brain of Bombyx mori","volume":"32","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(00)00127-2","article-title":"Developmental profile of the changes in the prothoracicotropic hormone titer in hemolymph of the silkworm Bombyx mori: correlation with ecdysteroid secretion","volume":"31","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6480(02)00043-6","article-title":"Basic pattern of fluctuation in hemolymph PTTH titers during larval-pupal and pupal-adult development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"127","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2015.01.001","article-title":"Positive feedback regulation of prothoracicotropic hormone secretion by ecdysteroid--a mechanism that determines the timing of metamorphosis","volume":"58","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00217","article-title":"Insulin-like and IGF-like peptides in the silkmoth Bombyx mori: discovery, structure, secretion, and function","volume":"4","author":"Mizoguchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.099739","article-title":"Dynamic feedback circuits function as a switch for shaping a maturation-inducing steroid pulse in Drosophila","volume":"140","author":"Moeller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.1979.00029.x","article-title":"Purification and properties of the prothoracicotropic hormone of the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"21","author":"Nagasawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib61","first-page":"1344","article-title":"Amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the silkworm prothoracicotropic hormone: homology with insulin","volume":"226","author":"Nagasawa","year":"1984","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Humanit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib62","series-title":"Insect Physiology and Biochemistry","first-page":"1","author":"Nation","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02533820","article-title":"Ecdysone metabolism: ecdysone dehydrogenase-isomerase","volume":"9","author":"Nigg","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01920781","article-title":"Ecdysome 20-hydroxylase from the midgut of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta L.)","volume":"32","author":"Nigg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.06.043","article-title":"Feedforward regulation of glucose metabolism by steroid hormones drives a developmental transition in Drosophila","volume":"30","author":"Nishimura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(97)00021-0","article-title":"Dynamics of hemolymph sorbitol-6-phosphate and its control by ecdysteroid in the larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"27","author":"Oda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.17.785","article-title":"Role of ecdysteroids in the dynamics of insect haemolymph sugar","volume":"17","author":"Oda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001160","article-title":"Nuclear receptor DHR4 controls the timing of steroid hormone pulses during Drosophila development","volume":"9","author":"Ou","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22379","article-title":"Nutrient acquisition strategies of mammalian cells","volume":"546","author":"Palm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2020.09.004","article-title":"Control of the insect metamorphic transition by ecdysteroid production and secretion","volume":"43","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109644","article-title":"Coordination among multiple receptor tyrosine kinase signals controls Drosophila developmental timing and body size","volume":"36","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.01.007","article-title":"The hallmarks of cancer metabolism: still emerging","volume":"34","author":"Pavlova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13773","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2336088100","article-title":"Shade is the Drosophila P450 enzyme that mediates the hydroxylation of ecdysone to the steroid insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone","volume":"100","author":"Petryk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib74","first-page":"1403","article-title":"The insect neuropeptide PTTH activates receptor tyrosine kinase torso to initiate metamorphosis","volume":"326","author":"Rewitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Humanit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385979-2.00001-0","article-title":"Developmental checkpoints and feedback circuits time insect maturation","volume":"103","author":"Rewitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6327(1996)32:3\/4<271::AID-ARCH2>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Juvenile hormone: the status of its \"status quo\" action","volume":"32","author":"Riddiford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-169X.1992.00595.x","article-title":"Changes in the titer of bombyxin-immunoreactive material in hemolymph during the postembryonic development of the silkmoth Bombyx mori","volume":"34","author":"Saegusa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib78","series-title":"Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science","first-page":"409","article-title":"Feedback regulation of prothoracic gland activity","author":"Sakurai","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(89)90072-5","article-title":"Short-loop negative and positive feedback on ecdysone secretion by prothoracic gland in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta","volume":"75","author":"Sakurai","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(98)00075-4","article-title":"Hemolymph ecdysteroid titer and ecdysteroid-dependent developmental events in the last-larval stadium of the silkworm, Bombyx mori: role of low ecdysteroid titer in larval\u2013pupal metamorphosis and a reappraisal of the head critical period","volume":"44","author":"Sakurai","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0491(97)00166-1","article-title":"Bombyxin, an insulin-related peptide of insects, reduces the major storage carbohydrates in the silkworm Bombyx mori","volume":"118","author":"Satake","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2018.02.008","article-title":"Ecdysteroidogenesis and development in Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: noctuidae): focus on PTTH-stimulated pathways","volume":"15","author":"Scieuzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwu125","article-title":"Insect trehalase: physiological significance and potential applications","volume":"25","author":"Shukla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glycobiology (Oxf.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib84","series-title":"Insect Endocrinology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prothoracicotropic hormone","author":"Smith","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-023-01497-2","article-title":"Steroid hormone-dependent changes in trehalose physiology in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"193","author":"Suzuki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-020-01684-z","article-title":"Ecdysteroid ingestion suppresses carbohydrate hydrolysis in larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori","volume":"107","author":"Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-021-01350-4","article-title":"Sequential changes in the regulatory mechanism of carbohydrate digestion in larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori","volume":"191","author":"Suzuki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2011.06.003","article-title":"Steroidal regulation of hydrolyzing activity of the dietary carbohydrates in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"57","author":"Suzuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2008.11.014","article-title":"Rectal sac distention is induced by 20-hydroxyecdysone in the pupa of Bombyx mori","volume":"55","author":"Suzuki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2003.06.006","article-title":"Regulation of prothoracic gland ecdysteroidogenic activity leading to pupal metamorphosis","volume":"33","author":"Takaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-9-51","article-title":"Characterization and expression patterns of a membrane-bound trehalase from Spodoptera exigua","volume":"9","author":"Tang","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2008.05.003","article-title":"Regulation of soluble and membrane-bound trehalase activity and expression of the enzyme in the larval midgut of the bamboo borer Omphisa fuscidentalis","volume":"38","author":"Tatun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwad011","article-title":"Regulation of trehalose metabolism in insects: from genes to the metabolite window","volume":"33","author":"Tellis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glycobiology (Oxf.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00863-2","article-title":"The pentose phosphate pathway in health and disease","volume":"5","author":"TeSlaa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib95","first-page":"1385","article-title":"Juvenile hormone is required to couple imaginal disc formation with nutrition in insects","volume":"312","author":"Truman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Humanit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0070","article-title":"The evolution of insect metamorphosis: a developmental and endocrine view","volume":"374","author":"Truman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2007.05.008","article-title":"FXPRL-amide peptides induce ecdysteroidogenesis through a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in the prothoracic gland of Bombyx mori","volume":"273","author":"Watanabe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2004.06.009","article-title":"Phantom encodes the 25-hydroxylase of Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori: a P450 enzyme critical in ecdysone biosynthesis","volume":"34","author":"Warren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.17.2.201","article-title":"The determination of characters at metamorphosis in Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera)","volume":"17","author":"Wigglesworth","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.2307\/1538121","article-title":"Physiology of insect diapause; the role of the brain in the production and termination of pupal dormancy in the giant silkworm, Platysamia cecropia","volume":"90","author":"Williams","year":"1946","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2307\/1538411","article-title":"Physiology of insect diapause. IV. The brain and prothoracic glands as an endocrine system in the Cecropia silkworm","volume":"103","author":"Williams","year":"1952","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2000.1731","article-title":"Characterization of ecdysteroid 26-hydroxylase: an enzyme involved in molting hormone inactivation","volume":"376","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2806(08)60210-6","article-title":"The biochemistry of sugars and polysaccharides in insects","volume":"4","author":"Wyatt","year":"1967","journal-title":"Adv. Insect Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.40.6.833","article-title":"The chemistry of insect hemolymph II. Trehalose and other carbohydrates","volume":"40","author":"Wyatt","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(63)90066-0","article-title":"The chemistry of insect haemolymph\u2014IV. Acid-soluble phosphates","volume":"9","author":"Wyatt","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.39.6.853","article-title":"The chemistry of insect hemolymph; organic components of the hemolymph of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and two other species","volume":"39","author":"Wyatt","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(74)90149-8","article-title":"Developmental changes in midgut trehalase activity and its localization in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"20","author":"Yamashita","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22517","article-title":"Bombyx orcokinins are brain-gut peptides involved in the neuronal regulation of ecdysteroidogenesis","volume":"519","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153608","article-title":"Ecdysone control of developmental transitions: lessons from Drosophila research","volume":"58","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003_bib110","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Tps1 and Treh genes in Drosophila and their role in body water homeostasis","volume":"29","author":"Yoshida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Developmental Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012160625001629?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012160625001629?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T04:01:17Z","timestamp":1778644877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012160625001629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":110,"alternative-id":["S0012160625001629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1606","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Systemic positive feedback regulation of ecdysone biosynthesis via sugar metabolism in insects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Developmental Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2025.06.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}