{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T22:19:58Z","timestamp":1780352398551,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,2]],"date-time":"2010-07-02T04:38:26Z","timestamp":1278045506000},"page":"494-497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["MELAS with recurrent complex partial seizures, nonconvulsive status epilepticus, psychosis, and behavioral disturbances: Case analysis with literature review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kenneth R.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Zuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Rueda-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Tobia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1444.011","article-title":"Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes: basic concepts, clinical phenotypes, and therapeutic management of MELAS syndrome","volume":"1142","author":"Sproule","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21196","article-title":"Prevalence, segregation, and phenotype of the mitochondrial DNA 3243A>G mutation in children","volume":"62","author":"Uusimaa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2006.12.004","article-title":"Population prevalence of the MELAS A3243G mutation","volume":"7","author":"Manwaring","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib4","first-page":"237","article-title":"Multiple neurologic, psychiatric and endocrine complaints in a young woman: a case discussion and review of the clinical features and management of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke","volume":"10","author":"Bhuvaneswar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2005.08.024","article-title":"An infant with a mitochondrial A3243G mutation demonstrating the MELAS phenotype","volume":"34","author":"Kanaumi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.40.405","article-title":"An 80-year-old mitochondrial disease patient with A3243G tRNA(Leu(UUR)) gene presenting with cardiac dysfunction as the main symptom","volume":"40","author":"Higashikata","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200620060-00002","article-title":"The mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis with stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome: a review of treatment options","volume":"20","author":"Scaglia","year":"2006","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.05.011","article-title":"Cognitive decline as a manifestation of mitochondrial disorders (mitochondrial dementia)","volume":"272","author":"Finsterer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.4.855","article-title":"Age and cause of death in mitochondrial diseases","volume":"53","author":"Klopstock","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.122648","article-title":"Causes of death in pedigrees with the 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA","volume":"79","author":"Majamaa-Voltti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.47.1.1","article-title":"Review of the literature on mental disorders in adult patients with mitochondrial diseases","volume":"47","author":"Fattal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib12","first-page":"224","article-title":"MELAS syndrome: peripheral neuropathy and cytochrome C-oxidase deficiency: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"31","author":"Barak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e3180335faf","article-title":"The neuropsychological deficits of MELAS: evidence of global impairment","volume":"20","author":"Neargarder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Characteristics of status epilepticus in MELAS: analysis of four cases","volume":"21","author":"Ribacoba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2007.19.4.482","article-title":"MELAS presented with status epilepticus and Anton\u2013Babinski syndrome; value of ADC mapping in MELAS","volume":"19","author":"Alemdar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01397.x","article-title":"Complex partial status epilepticus in late-onset MELAS","volume":"39","author":"Leff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib17","first-page":"960","article-title":"Psychiatric manifestations of nonconvulsive status epilepticus","volume":"73","author":"Riggio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000092497.53706.1B","article-title":"Aggressive confusional state as a clinical manifestation of status epilepticus in MELAS","volume":"61","author":"Feddersen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib19","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.18399","article-title":"Fatal status epilepticus associated with olanzapine therapy","volume":"33","author":"Wyderski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.1.85-a","article-title":"Lowered seizure threshold on olanzapine","volume":"178","author":"Woolley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnf.0000165351.10841.fa","article-title":"Olanzapine-induced myoclonic status","volume":"28","author":"Camacho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.023","article-title":"Seizure incidence in psychopharmacological clinical trials: an analysis of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) summary basis of approval reports","volume":"62","author":"Alper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2005.12.011","article-title":"\u201cErratic\u201d complex partial status epilepticus as a presenting feature of MELAS","volume":"8","author":"Corda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198109173051231","article-title":"Special report: the nature of aggression during epileptic seizures","volume":"305","author":"Delgado-Escueta","year":"1981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.452004.x","article-title":"Recognition of the various expressions of anxiety, psychosis, and aggression in epilepsy","volume":"45","author":"Kanner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70142-X","article-title":"Importance of early recognition and treatment of generalized convulsive status epilepticus","volume":"7","author":"Treiman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000180959.31355.92","article-title":"Treatment delay and the risk of prolonged status epilepticus","volume":"65","author":"Eriksson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nrl.0000162954.76053.d2","article-title":"The clinical features, diagnosis, and prognosis of nonconvulsive status epilepticus","volume":"11","author":"Kaplan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0605","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in children","volume":"3","author":"Korff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.12.002","article-title":"Nonconvulsive status epilepticus","volume":"12","author":"Maganti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"Suppl. 8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01341.x","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in status epilepticus","volume":"48","author":"Cock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03341.x","article-title":"MELAS syndrome, diabetes, and thyroid disease: the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress","volume":"70","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib34","first-page":"174","article-title":"L-Carnitine and neuroprotection in the animal model of mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"1053","author":"Binienda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00149.2002","article-title":"Free radical-mediated cell damage after experimental status epilepticus in hippocampal slice cultures","volume":"88","author":"Kovacs","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2008.04.009","article-title":"Pharmacologic suppression of oxidative damage and dendritic degeneration following kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity in mouse cerebrum","volume":"29","author":"Zaja-Milatovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-007-0118-0","article-title":"Vitamin E and L-carnitine, separately or in combination, in the prevention of radiation-induced brain and retinal damages","volume":"31","author":"Sezen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnf.0000137862.67131.bf","article-title":"Coenzyme Q 10 improves lactic acidosis, strokelike episodes, and epilepsy in a patient with MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes)","volume":"27","author":"Berbel-Garcia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20688","article-title":"Beneficial effects of creatine, CoQ10, and lipoic acid in mitochondrial disorders","volume":"35","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809173391202","article-title":"A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus","volume":"339","author":"Treiman","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000224880.35053.26","article-title":"Sodium valproate vs phenytoin in status epilepticus: a pilot study","volume":"67","author":"Misra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 9","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01929.x","article-title":"The role of the newer antiepileptic drugs in the treatment of generalized convulsive status epilepticus","volume":"49","author":"Wheless","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32805e879a","article-title":"Carnitine as an antidote for acute valproate toxicity in children","volume":"19","author":"Russell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050663","article-title":"Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) triggered by valproate therapy","volume":"156","author":"Lam","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-006-9039-9","article-title":"Valproic acid aggravates epilepsy due to MELAS in a patient with an A3243G mutation of mitochondrial DNA","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.8.1035","article-title":"Nonconvulsive status epilepticus","volume":"61","author":"Kaplan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505010003896?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505010003896?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:22:25Z","timestamp":1761502945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505010003896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1525505010003896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"MELAS with recurrent complex partial seizures, nonconvulsive status epilepticus, psychosis, and behavioral disturbances: Case analysis with literature review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.05.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}