{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:30:12Z","timestamp":1790400612372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["epilepsybehavior.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]],"date-time":"2015-05-06T04:15:40Z","timestamp":1430885740000},"page":"118-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Reflex epileptic mechanisms in humans: Lessons about natural ictogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0240","series-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52898-8.00016-1","article-title":"Reflex epilepsies","volume":"vol. 107","author":"Wolf","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0245","series-title":"Reflex epilepsies. Progress in understanding","first-page":"15","article-title":"Varieties of photosensitivity in man (\u201cplain\u201d and progressive myoclonus epilepsies), in baboon and fowl","author":"Naquet","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.12.1386","article-title":"Relation of photosensitivity to epileptic syndromes","volume":"49","author":"Wolf","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0010","series-title":"Epileptic syndromes in infancy, childhood and adolescence","first-page":"507","article-title":"Photosensitivity and syndromes","author":"Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenit\u00e9","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1053\/seiz.1999.0376","article-title":"Photosensitivity in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"9","author":"Appleton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0025","series-title":"Epileptic syndromes in infancy, childhood and adolescence","first-page":"299","article-title":"Photosensitive epilepsies","author":"Binnie","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0030","series-title":"Reflex seizures and reflex epilepsies","first-page":"175","article-title":"The evolution and prognosis of photosensitive epilepsies. A study of 53 patients","author":"Regesta","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0035","series-title":"Epileptic syndromes in infancy, childhood and adolescence","first-page":"125","article-title":"Dravet syndrome (severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy)","author":"Dravet","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg109","article-title":"Gamma-band phase clustering and photosensitivity: is there an underlying mechanism common to photosensitive epilepsy and visual perception?","volume":"126","author":"Parra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.07.019","article-title":"fMRI activation during spike and wave discharges evoked by photic stimulation","volume":"48","author":"Moeller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02011.x","article-title":"Mapping brain activity on the verge of a photically induced generalized tonic\u2013clonic seizure","volume":"50","author":"Moeller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0055","series-title":"Atlas of epilepsies","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Jeavons syndrome","author":"Covanis","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.10.004","article-title":"Prognosis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is related to endophenotypes","volume":"20","author":"Guaranha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03068.x","article-title":"Jeavons syndrome existing as occipital cortex initiating generalized epilepsy","volume":"52","author":"Viravan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.10.011","article-title":"Blinking and eyelid myoclonia: characteristics and correlations of eyelid movements","volume":"24","author":"da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24236","article-title":"The visual system in eyelid myoclonia with absences","volume":"76","author":"Vaudano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1989.tb05316.x","article-title":"Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes","volume":"30","author":"Commission on Classification and Terminology of the ILAE","year":"1989","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00575.x","article-title":"Perioral reflex myoclonias: a controlled study in patients with JME and focal epilepsies","volume":"47","author":"Mayer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0090","first-page":"100","article-title":"Reading epilepsy: clinical and electroencephalographic studies of a new syndrome","volume":"81","author":"Bickford","year":"1956","journal-title":"Trans Am Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0095","series-title":"Epileptic syndromes in infancy, childhood and adolescence","first-page":"281","article-title":"Reading epilepsy","author":"Wolf","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0100","first-page":"186","article-title":"Reading epilepsy in identical twins","volume":"98","author":"Forster","year":"1973","journal-title":"Trans Am Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195707252570404","article-title":"Reading epilepsy","volume":"257","author":"Stevens","year":"1957","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02126.x","article-title":"Provocative and inhibitory effects of a video-EEG neuropsychologic protocol in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"50","author":"Guaranha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01737.x","article-title":"Imaging seizure activity: a combined EEG\/EMG\u2013fMRI study in reading epilepsy","volume":"50","author":"Salek-Haddadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.01.011","article-title":"Praxis induction. Definition, relation to epilepsy syndromes, nosological and prognostic significance: a focused review","volume":"23","author":"Yacubian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0125","series-title":"Reflex seizures and reflex epilepsies","first-page":"333","article-title":"Seizures precipitated by unusual epileptogenic tasks","author":"Daniele","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0130","series-title":"Epileptic seizures and syndromes","first-page":"81","article-title":"Epilepsy with praxis-induced epilepsy","author":"Inoue","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2012.0498","article-title":"Late-onset, praxis-induced myoclonic epilepsy","volume":"14","author":"Glenn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.2.318","article-title":"Neuropsychological EEG activation in patients with epilepsy","volume":"123","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0145","series-title":"Reflex epilepsies: progress in understanding","first-page":"41","article-title":"Praxis induction and thinking induction: one or two mechanisms? A controversy","author":"Inoue","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5416.970","article-title":"Sources of mathematical thinking. Behavioral and brain-imaging evidence","volume":"284","author":"Dehaene","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr098","article-title":"Motor system hyperconnectivity in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: a cognitive functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"134","author":"Vollmar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu175","article-title":"Motor co-activation in siblings of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: an imaging endophenotype?","volume":"137","author":"Wandschneider","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0165","series-title":"Reflex epilepsies: progress in understanding","first-page":"79","article-title":"Musicogenic seizures and findings on the anatomy of musical perception","author":"Wieser","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000047346.96206.A9","article-title":"fMRI of triggerable aurae in musicogenic epilepsy","volume":"60","author":"Morocz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.05.004","article-title":"Videopolygraphic and functional MRI study of musicogenic epilepsy. A case report and literature review","volume":"13","author":"Pittau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03462.x","article-title":"The system epilepsies: a pathophysiological hypothesis","volume":"53","author":"Avanzini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0185","series-title":"Reflex seizures and reflex epilepsies","first-page":"447","article-title":"Deconditioning therapy in a patient with versive seizures precipitated by touch","author":"Wolf","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02974.x","article-title":"Clinical course and variability of non-Rasmussen, non-stroke motor and sensory epilepsia partialis continua. A European survey and analysis of 65 cases","volume":"52","author":"Mameni\u0161kien\u0117","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6974(93)90003-S","article-title":"Startle epileptic seizures: clinical and imaging findings","volume":"6","author":"Lancman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Epilepsy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00551.x","article-title":"Proven startle-provoked epileptic seizures in childhood: semiologic and electrophysiologic variability","volume":"47","author":"Tibussek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.06.020","article-title":"A clinical and magnetoencephalography study of MRI-negative startle epilepsy","volume":"16","author":"Garc\u00eda-Morales","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12659","article-title":"The pivotal role of the supplementary motor area in startle epilepsy as demonstrated by SEEG epileptogenicity maps","volume":"55","author":"Job","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0215","article-title":"Clinical and genetic investigation of 17 Japanese patients with hyperekplexia","author":"Mine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07834.x","article-title":"Acoustic startle hypersensitivity in Mceph mice and its effect on hippocampal excitability","volume":"34","author":"Fisahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl. 8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12421","article-title":"Epileptic encephalopathy as models of system epilepsy","volume":"54","author":"Capovilla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03454.x","article-title":"Modulation of epileptiform discharges in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: an investigation of reflex epileptic traits","volume":"53","author":"Beniczky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.041961mt","article-title":"Transfer of an avian genetic reflex epilepsy by embryonic brain graft: a tissue autonomous process?","volume":"49","author":"Teillet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505015000165?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505015000165?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T21:22:49Z","timestamp":1598995369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505015000165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S1525505015000165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Reflex epileptic mechanisms in humans: Lessons about natural ictogenesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}