{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:34:28Z","timestamp":1789598068115,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program","award":["2012CB517903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012CB517903"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81471329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81211140048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81211140048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7142150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7142150"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7081002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7081002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7042024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7042024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["epilepsybehavior.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]],"date-time":"2017-10-23T20:45:46Z","timestamp":1508791546000},"page":"13-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Epilepsy may be the major risk factor of mental retardation in children with tuberous sclerosis: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Yang-Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Yu","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Fang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Na","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ping","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00069-1","article-title":"Neurological and neuropsychiatric aspects of tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"14","author":"Curatolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2014.10.004","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND) and the TAND Checklist","volume":"52","author":"de Vries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.03.015","article-title":"Advances and future directions for tuberous sclerosis complex research: recommendations from the 2015 strategic planning conference","volume":"60","author":"Sahin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000250330.44291.54","article-title":"Cognitive prognosis of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"68","author":"Winterkorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389701200203","article-title":"Cortical tuber count: a biomarker indicating neurologic severity of tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"12","author":"Goodman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000280579.04974.c0","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in tuberous sclerosis complex is a multifactorial condition","volume":"70","author":"Jansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000280578.99900.96","article-title":"Overlapping neurologic and cognitive phenotypes in patients with TSC1 or TSC2 mutations","volume":"70","author":"Jansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0040","first-page":"149","article-title":"MR findings in tuberous sclerosis complex and correlation with seizure development and mental impairment","volume":"16","author":"Shepherd","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.026815","article-title":"The relation of infantile spasms, tubers, and intelligence in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"89","author":"O'Callaghan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0050","first-page":"1923","article-title":"MR evaluation of tuberous sclerosis: increased sensitivity with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and relation to severity of seizures and mental retardation","volume":"16","author":"Takanashi","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2011.241","article-title":"Genotype and cognitive phenotype of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"20","author":"van Eeghen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2015-103154","article-title":"Intellectual ability in tuberous sclerosis complex correlates with predicted effects of mutations on TSC1 and TSC2 proteins","volume":"52","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00627.x","article-title":"FDG-PET\/MRI coregistration and diffusion-tensor imaging distinguish epileptogenic tubers and cortex in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex: a preliminary report","volume":"47","author":"Chandra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12545","article-title":"Developmental brain abnormalities in tuberous sclerosis complex: a comparative tissue analysis of cortical tubers and perituberal cortex","volume":"55","author":"Ruppe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702007092","article-title":"Learning disability and epilepsy in an epidemiological sample of individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"33","author":"Joinson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000345365.92821.86","article-title":"Cyst-like tubers are associated with TSC2 and epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"72","author":"Chu-Shore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4071","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-0445","article-title":"Sirolimus therapy for angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis and sporadic lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a phase 2 trial","volume":"17","author":"Davies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0090","series-title":"The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of childhood cognitive development","first-page":"605","volume":"23","author":"Goswami","year":"2011"},{"issue":"9639","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61279-9","article-title":"Tuberous sclerosis","volume":"372","author":"Curatolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2008.01.007","article-title":"The early childhood epilepsy severity scale (E-Chess)","volume":"79","author":"Humphrey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.07.001","article-title":"Mosaic disorders of the PI3K\/PTEN\/AKT\/TSC\/mTORC1 signaling pathway","volume":"35","author":"Nathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2016.85","article-title":"Genotype and brain pathology phenotype in children with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"24","author":"Overwater","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a1aa2a","article-title":"Early seizure onset and dysplastic lesion extent independently disrupt cognitive networks","volume":"81","author":"Korman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.00273_1.x","article-title":"Comment on epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)","volume":"46","author":"Beghi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.10.008","article-title":"Infantile spasms syndrome, West syndrome and related phenotypes: what we know in 2013","volume":"36","author":"Pavone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12847","article-title":"Long-term outcome in children with infantile spasms treated with vigabatrin: a cohort of 180 patients","volume":"55","author":"Djuric","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2011.03.010","article-title":"Antiepileptic treatment before the onset of seizures reduces epilepsy severity and risk of mental retardation in infants with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"15","author":"Jozwiak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318259e2cf","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline update: medical treatment of infantile spasms. Report of the guideline development subcommittee of the american academy of neurology and the practice committee of the child neurology society","volume":"78","author":"Go","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000168908.78118.99","article-title":"Infantile spasms and intellectual outcomes in children with tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"65","author":"Goh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 10","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl196","article-title":"Children with new-onset epilepsy: neuropsychological status and brain structure","volume":"129","author":"Hermann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1788","article-title":"Reversal of learning deficits in a Tsc2+\/\u2212 mouse model of tuberous sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Ehninger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152550501730495X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152550501730495X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,26]],"date-time":"2018-08-26T14:55:32Z","timestamp":1535295332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152550501730495X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S152550501730495X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epilepsy may be the major risk factor of mental retardation in children with tuberous sclerosis: A retrospective cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.09.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}