{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:56:08Z","timestamp":1780624568923,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T19:05:28Z","timestamp":1533668728000},"page":"137-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative effectiveness of add-on therapy with newer-generation antiepileptic drugs in Bulgarian patients with refractory epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Viteva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahari","family":"Zahariev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2007.02.008","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of epilepsy: new armamentarium, new issues","volume":"14","author":"Vajda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666140-00004","article-title":"Combination therapy in epilepsy: when and what to use","volume":"66","author":"Kwan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.18433\/J32K5B","article-title":"Innovations in epilepsy management \u2014 an overview","volume":"16","author":"Shaju","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70154-5","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of pregabalin versus lamotrigine in patients with newly diagnosed partial seizures: a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial","volume":"10","author":"Kwan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"8948","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90581-2","article-title":"Double-blind comparison of lamotrigine and carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy. UK Lamotrigine\/Carbamazepine Monotherapy Trial Group","volume":"345","author":"Brodie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(95)00085-2","article-title":"A randomized open multicentre comparative trial of lamotrigine and carbamazepine as monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent epilepsy","volume":"23","author":"Reunanen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-006-2060-8","article-title":"The use of lamotrigine in female patients","volume":"78","author":"Schmitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nervenartzt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(97)00024-7","article-title":"A doubleblind controlled clinical trial of oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin in adults with previously untreated epilepsy","volume":"27","author":"Bill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(96)01013-3","article-title":"A double-blind controlled clinical trial: oxcarbazepine versus sodium valproate in adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy","volume":"26","author":"Christe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(89)90070-3","article-title":"A double-blind study comparing oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine in patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated epilepsy","volume":"3","author":"Dam","year":"1989","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(97)00025-9","article-title":"A double-blind controlled clinical trial of oxcarbazepine versus phenytoin in children and adolescents with epilepsy","volume":"2","author":"Guerreiro","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oxcarbazepine versus carbamazepine monotherapy for partial onset seizures","volume":"4","author":"Koch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02670.x","article-title":"Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of rapid initiation of topiramate versus phenytoin in patients with new-onset epilepsy: a randomized double-blind clinical trial","volume":"51","author":"Ramsay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.1.56","article-title":"Tiagabine for complex partial seizures: a randomized, add-on, dose-response trial","volume":"55","author":"Uthman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550170069016","article-title":"Tiagabine therapy for complex partial seizures","author":"Sachdeo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0080","first-page":"s22","article-title":"A double-blind, placeb\u043e controlled trial of tiagabine given three times daily as add-on therapy for refractory partial seizures","volume":"40","author":"Kalviainen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(95)00054-2","article-title":"Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs. A summary of the second Eilat Conference. Conference review","volume":"22","author":"Stables","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(95)00006-V","article-title":"Adjunctive treatment of partial seizures with tiagabine: a placebo-controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Richens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.36500.x","article-title":"Tiagabine: efficacy and safety in adjunctive treatment of partial seizures","volume":"4","author":"Crawford","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2010.05.008","article-title":"A comparison of pregabalin, lamotrigine, and placebo as adjunctive therapy in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures","volume":"91","author":"Baulac","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01954.x","article-title":"Pregabalin add-on therapy using a flexible, optimized dose schedule in refractory partial epilepsies: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnf.0000159956.87511.67","article-title":"Meta-analysis and indirect comparisons of levetiracetam with other second-generation antiepileptic drugs in partial epilepsy","volume":"28","author":"Otoul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb02417.x","article-title":"Outcomes of add-on treatment with lamotrigine in partial epilepsy","volume":"34","author":"Smith","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2284","article-title":"Placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine in patients with partial seizures. U.S. lamotrigine protocol 0.5 clinical trial group","volume":"43","author":"Matsuo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02920.x","article-title":"Lamotrigine therapy for partial seizures: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial","volume":"35","author":"Messenheimer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0130","first-page":"203","article-title":"Lamotrigine: first experience in Italy","volume":"146","author":"De Romanis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02551.x","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerance of long-term, high-dose gabapentin: additional observations","volume":"35","author":"Handforth","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1499-1654.2000.001597.x","article-title":"Oxcarbazepine placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial in refractory partial epilepsy","volume":"41","author":"Barcs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1987.tb03702.x","article-title":"Oxcarbazepine (GP 47.680): a possible alternative to carbamazepine","volume":"28","author":"Houtkooper","year":"1987","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2003.00093.x","article-title":"Topiramate, carbamazepine and valproate monotherapy: double-blind comparison in newly diagnosed epilepsy","volume":"107","author":"Privitera","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb01596.x","article-title":"Topiramate in medically intractable partial epilepsies: double-blind placebo-controlled randomized parallel group trial","volume":"40","author":"Korean Topiramate Study Group","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00606.x","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures","volume":"37","author":"Ben-Menachem","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.6.1684","article-title":"Topiramate placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial in refractory partial epilepsy using 200-, 400-, and 600-mg daily dosages: Topiramate YD study group","volume":"46","author":"Faught","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(96)00029-0","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of topiramate in patients with refractory partial epilepsy","volume":"25","author":"Sharief","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00649.x","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate (600 mg daily) for the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy","volume":"37","author":"Tassinari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00321.x","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of topiramate in adult patients with refractory partial epilepsy","volume":"41","author":"Yen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(01)00283-2","article-title":"Topiramate on ictal seizure semiology: a quantitative, randomized, low and medium dose-controlled study","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.10093","article-title":"Topiramate titration and tolerability","volume":"35","author":"Biton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005612.pub3","article-title":"Topiramate add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy","volume":"2","author":"Pulman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb04605.x","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam 3000 mg\/d in patients with refractory partial seizures: a multicenter, double-blind, responder-selected study evaluating monotherapy. European Levetiracetam Study Group","volume":"41","author":"Ben-Menachem","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.2.236","article-title":"Levetiracetam for partial seizures: results of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial","volume":"55","author":"Cereghino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00323.x","article-title":"Multicenter double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of levetiracetam as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial seizures. European Levetiracetam Study Group","volume":"41","author":"Shorvon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00372.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (up to 2000 mg\/day) in Taiwanese patients with refractory partial seizures: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"47","author":"Tsai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00969.x","article-title":"Lamotrigine therapy of epilepsy with Angelman's syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Dion","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01079.x","article-title":"Lamotrigine adjunctive therapy in childhood epileptic encephalopathy (The Lennox\u2013Gastaut Syndrome)","volume":"38","author":"Donaldson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1159\/000116849","article-title":"Lamotrigine as an add-on drug in the management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Timmings","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0235","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study of lamotrigine in treatment-resistant generalized epilepsy","volume":"40","author":"Beran","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(90)90077-9","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled add-on trial of lamotrigine in patients with severe epilepsy","volume":"6","author":"Sander","year":"1990","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-3147.131657","article-title":"Assessment of topiramate's efficacy and safety in epilepsy","volume":"5","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci Rural Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01997718","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of topiramate in refractory epilepsy: a long-term prospective trial","volume":"17","author":"Tartara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ital J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0255","first-page":"449","article-title":"Topiramate: a new safe and effective antiepileptic","volume":"99","author":"Gupta","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2004.11.001","article-title":"Levetiracetam in the treatment of infantile spasms","volume":"9","author":"Lawlor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2012.07.005","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of add-on levetiracetam in refractory childhood epilepsy","volume":"35","author":"Kanemura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2006.05.012","article-title":"Levetiracetam reduces frequency and duration of epileptic activity in patients with refractory primary generalized epilepsy","volume":"15","author":"Rocamora","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2005.12.004","article-title":"Levetiracetam in patients with generalised epilepsy and myoclonic seizures: an open label study","volume":"15","author":"Labate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252941.50833.4a","article-title":"Comparison of levetiracetam and controlled-release carbamazepine in newly diagnosed epilepsy","volume":"68","author":"Brodie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.03.016","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam as adjunctive therapy in adult patients with uncontrolled partial epilepsy: the Asia SKATE II Study","volume":"18","author":"Kwan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.12.017","article-title":"A prospective open-labeled trial with levetiracetam in pediatric epilepsy syndromes: continuous spikes and waves during sleep is definitely a target","volume":"20","author":"Chhun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(02)00273-X","article-title":"Levetiracetam monotherapy for primary generalized epilepsy","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"Suppl. 8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0300","first-page":"80","article-title":"Levetiracetam monotherapy in generalized epilepsy and photosensitivity","volume":"44","author":"Covanis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2006.09.008","article-title":"Levetiracetam or oxcarbazepine as monotherapy in newly diagnosed benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS): an open-label, parallel group trial","volume":"29","author":"Coppola","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.04.007","article-title":"Levetiracetam in continuous spike waves during slow-wave sleep syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2004.00289.x","article-title":"Efficacy of levetiracetam in pharmacoresistant continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep","volume":"110","author":"Capovilla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2003.09.007","article-title":"Levetiracetam in the treatment of Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome","volume":"30","author":"De Los Reyes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0325","first-page":"62","article-title":"Open study on the efficacy of levetiracetam monotherapy in idiopathic generalized epilepsies","volume":"43","author":"Hirsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000265222.24102.db","article-title":"An open-label trial of levetiracetam in severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy","volume":"69","author":"Striano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2012.12.002","article-title":"Loss of the initial efficacy of levetiracetam in patients with refractory epilepsy","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00607.x","article-title":"Experimental and clinical evidence for loss of effect (tolerance) during prolonged treatment with antiepileptic drugs","volume":"47","author":"L\u00f6scher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2008.09.004","article-title":"Add-on treatment with pregabalin for partial seizures with or without generalisation: pooled data analysis of four randomised placebo-controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Gil-Nagel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0350","first-page":"21","article-title":"Clinical experience in the treatment of epilepsy with lamotrigine","volume":"2","author":"Kalpachki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bulg Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.136","article-title":"Drug interactions involving new second- and third-generation antiepileptic drugs","volume":"10","author":"Johannessen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0360","first-page":"117","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of Vimpat in patients with severe drug-resistant partial epilepsies","volume":"14","author":"Velizarova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bulg Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0365","first-page":"173","article-title":"Assessment of new AEDs as add-on therapy in patients with resistant partial epilepsies","volume":"4","author":"Rasheva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0370","first-page":"23","article-title":"Levetiracetam (Keppra) in drug-resistant childhood epilepsies \u2013 clinical effect, tolerability, long-term follow-up","volume":"1","author":"Bojinova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsy Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0375","first-page":"34","article-title":"Clinical and EEG results from continuous long-term add-on therapy with levetiracetam (Keppra) in patients with partial epilepsy","volume":"1","author":"Ganeva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsy Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0380","series-title":"Adverse events from treatment with antiepileptic drugs \u2013 importance for the therapeutic approach and impact on the quality of life of patients with epilepsy","author":"Kuzmanova","year":"2015"},{"issue":"Suppl. I","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0385","first-page":"S59","article-title":"An overview of the efficacy and tolerability of new antiepileptic drugs","volume":"38","author":"Chadwick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8621-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of antiepileptic drugs for refractory partial-onset epilepsy: a network meta-analysis","volume":"265","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0395","first-page":"165","article-title":"A randomized, open-label, parallel group, multi-center comparative trial of levetiracetam and topiramate as adjunctive treatment in refractory focal epilepsy","volume":"57 (Suppl. 2)","author":"Lee","year":"2016"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8526-8","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of eight antiepileptic drugs in adults with focal refractory epilepsy: the influence of age, gender, and the sequence in which drugs were introduced onto the market","volume":"64","author":"M\u00e4kinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-017-2245-z","article-title":"Tolerability of new antiepileptic drugs: a network meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Zaccara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505018304803?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505018304803?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:25:03Z","timestamp":1761503103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505018304803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S1525505018304803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative effectiveness of add-on therapy with newer-generation antiepileptic drugs in Bulgarian patients with refractory epilepsy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}