{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:49:22Z","timestamp":1789044562238,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002573","name":"Yonsei University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002573","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008005","name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6-2018-0057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2018-0057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T23:16:16Z","timestamp":1556925376000},"page":"161-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clobazam as an adjunctive treatment for infantile spasms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Jongsung","family":"Hahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoon-Chul","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heung Dong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2010.01.008","article-title":"Treatment and long term outcome in West syndrome: the clinical reality. A multicentre follow up study","volume":"19","author":"Lagae","year":"2010","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2013.06.014","article-title":"Prognostic factors of infantile spasms: role of treatment options including a ketogenic diet","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13557","article-title":"Response to second treatment after initial failed treatment in a multicenter prospective infantile spasms cohort","volume":"57","author":"Knupp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17400-X","article-title":"The United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study comparing vigabatrin with prednisolone or tetracosactide at 14\u202fdays: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"364","author":"Lux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02049.x","article-title":"Randomised, placebo-controlled study of vigabatrin as first-line treatment of infantile spasms","volume":"40","author":"Appleton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb00063.x","article-title":"Vigabatrin versus ACTH as first-line treatment for infantile spasms: a randomized, prospective study","volume":"38","author":"Vigevano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24594","article-title":"Response to treatment in a prospective national infantile spasms cohort","volume":"79","author":"Knupp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb05109.x","article-title":"The use of clobazam, midazolam, and nitrazepam in epilepsy","volume":"39","author":"Shorvon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0045","series-title":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Guidance. The epilepsies: the diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care: pharmacological update of clinical guideline 20","author":"National Clinical Guideline C","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12086","article-title":"Indirect comparison of clobazam and other therapies for Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome","volume":"128","author":"Cramer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.01.037","article-title":"Clobazam is equally safe and efficacious for seizures associated with Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome across different age groups: post hoc analyses of short- and long-term clinical trial results","volume":"46","author":"Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behavior;Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01935.x","article-title":"Clobazam in the treatment of Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Conry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00773.x","article-title":"The descriptive epidemiology of infantile spasms among Atlanta children","volume":"40","author":"Trevathan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00705.x","article-title":"Occurrence, outcome, and prognostic factors of infantile spasms and Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Rantala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0075","series-title":"The Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome: neurology und neurobiology","first-page":"310","article-title":"Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome and its relationship to infantile spasms (West's syndrome)","volume":"45","author":"Weinmann","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1983.tb04874.x","article-title":"A prospective study of infantile spasms: clinical and therapeutic correlations","volume":"24","author":"Lombroso","year":"1983","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12230","article-title":"Systematic review of clobazam use in patients with status epilepticus","volume":"3","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/088307388600100307","article-title":"Continuous infantile spasms as a form of status epilepticus","volume":"1","author":"Coulter","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073812461943","article-title":"Clobazam for the treatment of intractable epilepsy in children","volume":"28","author":"Perry","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389501000306","article-title":"Clobazam for intractable pediatric epilepsy","volume":"10","author":"Sheth","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.05.003","article-title":"Infantile spasms respond poorly to topiramate","volume":"53","author":"Weber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.17712\/1658-3183.2006","article-title":"Ineffectiveness of topiramate and levetiracetam in infantile spasms non-responsive to steroids. Open labeled randomized prospective study","volume":"18","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosciences (Riyadh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2009.0283","article-title":"Zonisamide in West syndrome: an open label study","volume":"11","author":"Yum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389701200711","article-title":"Felbamate for refractory infantile spasms","volume":"12","author":"Hosain","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00166","article-title":"West syndrome: response to valproate","volume":"3","author":"Chandra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0130","first-page":"12","article-title":"Randomised clinical efficacy trial of topiramate and nitrazepam in treatment of infantile spasms","volume":"8","author":"Fallah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02498.x","article-title":"Multicenter long-term follow-up of children with idiopathic West syndrome: ACTH versus vigabatrin","volume":"16","author":"Cohen-Sadan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0140","series-title":"ONFI\u00ae (clobazam). Full prescribing information","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073812463609","article-title":"Clobazam: a newly approved but well-established drug for the treatment of intractable epilepsy syndromes","volume":"28","author":"Wheless","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152550501930232X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S152550501930232X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T03:48:18Z","timestamp":1778816898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S152550501930232X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S152550501930232X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clobazam as an adjunctive treatment for infantile spasms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}