{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T21:40:44Z","timestamp":1789681244777,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T12:12:04Z","timestamp":1564402324000},"page":"124-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Misdiagnosis and pitfalls in Panayiotopoulos syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Graziosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Raucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Luchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.11.1448","article-title":"Vomiting as an ictal manifestation of epileptic seizures and syndromes","volume":"51","author":"Panayiotopoulos","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2004.01.013","article-title":"Autonomic seizures and autonomic status epilepticus peculiar to childhood: diagnosis and management","volume":"5","author":"Panayiotopoulos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2014.05.013","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome with convulsive status epilepticus at the onset: a long-term study","volume":"23","author":"Verrotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-007-0790-4","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome: diagnosis and management","volume":"28","author":"Parisi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2009.03.002","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome: an important childhood autonomic epilepsy to be differentiated from occipital epilepsy and acute non-epileptic disorders","volume":"32","author":"Michael","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.08.137","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease vs. Panayiotopoulos syndrome: an underestimated misdiagnosis in pediatric age?","volume":"41","author":"Parisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1237","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0623","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a benign childhood autonomic epilepsy frequently imitating encephalitis, syncope, migraine, sleep disorder, or gastroenteritis","volume":"118","author":"Covanis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808324537","article-title":"A novel inherited mutation in the voltage sensor region of SCN1A is associated with Panayiotopoulos syndrome in siblings and generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus","volume":"24","author":"Livingston","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2010.08.002","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome: probable genetic origin, but not in SCN1A","volume":"15","author":"Mart\u00edn del Valle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.09.013","article-title":"Fever as a seizure precipitant factor in Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a clinical and genetic study","volume":"21","author":"Cordelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62272-1","article-title":"The central autonomic network: functional organization, dysfunction, and perspective","volume":"68","author":"Benarroch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.08.020","article-title":"Autonomic epileptic seizures, autonomic effects of seizures, and SUDEP","volume":"26","author":"Moseley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01087.x","article-title":"Autonomic status epilepticus in Panayiotopoulos syndrome and other childhood and adult epilepsies: a consensus view","volume":"48","author":"Ferrie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2017.02.006","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome with a special emphasis of ictal semiologic features","volume":"131","author":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0075","series-title":"John Libbey","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a common and benign childhood epileptic syndrome","author":"Panayiotopoulos","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebcr.2014.11.002","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome presenting with respiratory arrest: a case report and literature review","volume":"3","author":"Dirani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav Case Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162206000508","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a consensus view","volume":"48","author":"Ferrie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn138","article-title":"Benign occipital epilepsies of childhood: clinical features and genetics","volume":"131","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809343722","article-title":"Cardiac channel molecular autopsy for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy","volume":"25","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2008.07.008","article-title":"New SCN5A mutation in a SUDEP victim with idiopathic epilepsy","volume":"18","author":"Aurlien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(97)00033-8","article-title":"Delayed appearance of interictal EEG abnormalities in early onset childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms","volume":"19","author":"Guerrini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04192-1","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a common and benign childhood epilepsy","volume":"357","author":"Ferrie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2004.01.006","article-title":"The contribution of the EEG technologists in the diagnosis of Panayiotopoulos syndrome (susceptibility to early onset benign childhood autonomic seizures)","volume":"13","author":"Sanders","year":"2004","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808325656","article-title":"Diffuse onset of ictal electroencephalography in a typical case of Panayiotopoulos syndrome and review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Iannetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.06.046","article-title":"Documentation of autonomic seizures and autonomic status epilepticus with ictal EEG in Panayiotopoulos syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Specchio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02639.x","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a clinical, EEG, and neuropsychological study of 93 consecutive patients","volume":"51","author":"Specchio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05277-6","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome","volume":"358","author":"Martinovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1684\/j.1950-6945.2003.tb00003.x","article-title":"Children with Rolandic spikes and ictal vomiting: Rolandic epilepsy or Panayiotopoulos syndrome?","volume":"5","author":"Covanis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.47702.x","article-title":"EEG in children with early-onset benign occipital seizure susceptibility syndrome: Panayiotopoulos syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Ohtsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02074.x","article-title":"Panayiotopoulos syndrome: epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcome","volume":"15","author":"Dur\u00e1-Trav\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.01.019","article-title":"Multifocal spatiotemporal distribution of interictal spikes in Panayiotopoulos syndrome","volume":"121","author":"Kokkinos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.03.006","article-title":"Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine features of Panayiotopoulos syndrome in three siblings","volume":"21","author":"Gonzalez-Duarte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2007.0144","article-title":"Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: European expert opinion","volume":"9","author":"Wheless","year":"2007","journal-title":"2007 Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1684\/j.1950-6945.2006.tb00159.x","article-title":"EEG and seizure exacerbation induced by carbamazepine in Panayiotopoulos syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Kikumoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2010.10.024","article-title":"Treatment of benign focal epilepsies in children: when and how should be treated?","volume":"33","author":"Oguni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03609.x","article-title":"Benign childhood focal epilepsies","volume":"53 Suppl 4","author":"Guerrini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01119.x","article-title":"Early-onset benign occipital seizure susceptibility syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Ferrie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/088307388900400107","article-title":"Benign nocturnal childhood occipital epilepsy: a new syndrome with nocturnal seizures, tonic deviation of the eyes, and vomiting","volume":"4","author":"Panayiotopoulos","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.09.013","article-title":"Epilepsy and chromosome 18 abnormalities: a review","volume":"32","author":"Verrotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2013.01.003","article-title":"Autonomic dysfunction in epilepsy and mitochondrial diseases","volume":"20","author":"Parikh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.03.034","article-title":"Pediatric epilepsies misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"83","author":"Carbonari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31802bddb7","article-title":"Autonomic abnormalities in cyclic vomiting syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Chelimsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181b7f563","volume":"49","author":"Vandenplas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.43.s.3.13.x","article-title":"The spectrum of nonepileptic events in children","volume":"43","author":"Paolicchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071384","article-title":"Inborn errors of metabolism and epilepsy: current understanding, diagnosis, and treatment approaches","volume":"18","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826170a2","article-title":"Syncope-like epileptic seizures in Panayiotopoulos syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Koutroumanidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(01)00175-9","article-title":"Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood","volume":"23","author":"Drigo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain and Development"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505019304068?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505019304068?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:29:24Z","timestamp":1761503364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505019304068"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S1525505019304068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Misdiagnosis and pitfalls in Panayiotopoulos syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.07.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}