{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:26:32Z","timestamp":1786998392411,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T19:43:02Z","timestamp":1574365382000},"page":"106694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Depression, anxiety, and clinical history in Spanish-speaking American patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) compared with Spanish-speaking American patients with epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Lorna","family":"Myers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Trobliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Bonafina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Vazquez-Casals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lancman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Lancman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550","article-title":"ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy","volume":"55","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2015.10.004","article-title":"Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a primer","volume":"57","author":"Baslet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2007.01222.x","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy: a population-based analysis","volume":"48","author":"Tellez-Zenteno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.10.035","article-title":"Predictors of health-related quality of life in patients with epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"68","author":"Rawlings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2004.09.002","article-title":"Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a critical review","volume":"5","author":"Fiszman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.03.033","article-title":"Psychological trauma in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: trauma characteristics and those who develop PTSD","volume":"28","author":"Myers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13561","article-title":"Discrimination, domestic violence, abuse, and other adverse life events in people with epilepsy: population-based study to assess the burden of these events and their contribution to psychopathology","volume":"57","author":"Nimmo-Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.12.027","article-title":"Psychological trauma, somatization, dissociation, and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures compared with those in patients with intractable partial epilepsy","volume":"92","author":"Myers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0045","series-title":"National characteristics: vintage 2011","author":"U.S.C. Bureau","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07040704","article-title":"Prevalence of mental illness in immigrant and non-immigrant US Latino groups","volume":"165","author":"Alegr\u00eda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.07.024","article-title":"Depression and quality of life in Spanish-speaking immigrant persons with epilepsy compared with those in English-speaking US-born persons with epilepsy","volume":"51","author":"Myers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.01.043","article-title":"Serious psychological distress among adults with active epilepsy in all racial\/ethnic groups and among adults with inactive epilepsy in non-Hispanic whites is significantly higher than among adults without epilepsy\u2014U.S. National Health Interview Survey","volume":"95","author":"Kobau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0065","series-title":"BDI-II manual","author":"Beck","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0070","series-title":"Adaptaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola del inventario para la depresi\u00f3n de beck--II(BDI-II): 1. Propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas en estudiantes universitarios. An\u00e1lisis y Modificaci\u00f3n de Conducta","first-page":"239","volume":"29","author":"Sanz","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0075","series-title":"BAI: Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck","author":"Steer","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0080","first-page":"145","article-title":"Psychogenic non-epileptic and epileptic seizures: clues for a differential diagnosis. Findings from a Colombian study","volume":"69","author":"Jaramillo-Jimenez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.10.1950","article-title":"Nonepileptic seizures and childhood sexual and physical abuse","volume":"43","author":"Alper","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000326593.50863.21","article-title":"Predictors of antecedent factors in psychogenic nonepileptic attacks: multivariate analysis","volume":"71","author":"Duncan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(96)71531-1","article-title":"Psychopathology and trauma in epileptic and psychogenic seizure patients","volume":"37","author":"Arnold","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.01.003","article-title":"Psychological and psychiatric aspects of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.10.019","article-title":"Are there gender differences in those diagnosed with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures?","volume":"78","author":"Myers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30051-8","article-title":"Stressful life events and maltreatment in conversion (functional neurological) disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies","volume":"5","author":"Ludwig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.03.005","article-title":"Long term outcome in a sample of underprivileged patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) living in Argentina","volume":"94","author":"Korman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00303","article-title":"Suicidal ideation and traumatic exposure should not be neglected in epileptic patients: a multidimensional comparison of the psychiatric profile of patients suffering from epilepsy and patients suffering from psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"10","author":"Guillen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.01.008","article-title":"Depression and epilepsy, pain and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: clinical and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Kanner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b1ae0","article-title":"Depression in epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Fiest","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2004.00324.x","article-title":"The psychiatric comorbidity of epilepsy","volume":"110","author":"Gaitatzis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-26492007000500006","article-title":"Anxiety and mood disorders in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"13","author":"Ara\u00fajo Filho","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Epilepsy Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.12.037","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures compared with epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Diprose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.10.015","article-title":"Attachment style, relationship quality, and psychological distress in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures versus epilepsy","volume":"66","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.05.043","article-title":"Personality traits, illness behaviors, and psychiatric comorbidity in individuals with psychogenicnonepileptic seizures (PNES), epilepsy, and other nonepileptic seizures (oNES): differentiating between the conditions","volume":"98","author":"Vilyte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.07.012","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and drug-resistant epilepsy: a study of an Argentine population","volume":"29","author":"Sc\u00e9vola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2006.04.003","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, with and without comorbid epilepsy","volume":"15","author":"D'Alessio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-5050(02)00683-2","article-title":"Psychopathologies in patients with nonepileptic seizures with and without comorbid epilepsy: how different are they?","volume":"4","author":"Kuyk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01828.x","article-title":"Impact of childhood life events and trauma on the course of depressive and anxiety disorders","volume":"126","author":"Hovens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.01.017","article-title":"Comorbidity of PTSD in anxiety and depressive disorders: prevalence and shared risk factors","volume":"38","author":"Spinhoven","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.05.014","article-title":"Comorbid depression and associated factors in PNES versus epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Walsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seizure"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505019311242?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505019311242?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:33:14Z","timestamp":1761503594000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505019311242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1525505019311242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Depression, anxiety, and clinical history in Spanish-speaking American patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) compared with Spanish-speaking American patients with epilepsy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.106694","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106694"}}