{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:51:36Z","timestamp":1789671096965,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,7]],"date-time":"2021-03-07T09:02:03Z","timestamp":1615107723000},"page":"107867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evidence of objective sleep impairment in nonepileptic attack disorder: A naturalistic prospective controlled study using actigraphy and daily sleep diaries over six nights"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4782-9556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saafi","family":"Mousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Latchford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Weighall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4357-945X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0137-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Murray-Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Reuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel D.","family":"Relton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.177204","article-title":"Functional symptoms in neurology the bare essentials","volume":"9","author":"Stone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2003.35302.x","article-title":"Quality of life in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"44","author":"Szaflarski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.01.003","article-title":"Psychological and psychiatric aspects of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.05.019","article-title":"Management of patients with nonepileptic attack disorder in the United Kingdom: a survey of health care professionals","volume":"21","author":"Mayor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006370.pub2","article-title":"Psychological and behavioural treatments for adults with non-epileptic attack disorder","author":"Martlew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2009.06.006","article-title":"Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures\u2014Definition, etiology, treatment and prognostic issues: a critical review","volume":"18","author":"Bodde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30128-0","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with dissociative seizures (CODES): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Goldstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.05.021","article-title":"A preliminary investigation of sleep quality in functional neurological disorders: poor sleep appears common, and is associated with functional impairment","volume":"378","author":"Graham","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.07.001","article-title":"Sleep in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: time to raise a red flag","volume":"86","author":"Latreille","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.01.016","article-title":"Sleep disturbances in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: is it all subjective? A prospective pilot study of sleep-wake patterns","volume":"65","author":"Latreille","year":"2019","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13798","article-title":"Abnormal sleep in patients with epileptic or dissociative (non-epileptic) seizures: a polysomnography study","volume":"26","author":"Popkirov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-5050(03)00120-3","article-title":"Sleep structure in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"4","author":"Bazil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.3006","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia comorbid with psychiatric and medical conditions: a meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-013-0364-5","article-title":"Comorbid sleep disorders in neuropsychiatric disorders across the life cycle","volume":"15","author":"Spiegelhalder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Psych Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1382","article-title":"Sleep duration and sleep quality in relation to 12-year cardiovascular disease incidence: the MORGEN study","volume":"34","author":"Hoevenaar-Blom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.11.002","article-title":"Sleep loss increases dissociation and affects memory for emotional stimuli","volume":"47","author":"van Heugten-van der Kloet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.1.69","article-title":"Sleep disturbance immediately prior to trauma predicts subsequent psychiatric disorder","volume":"33","author":"Bryant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840591008294","article-title":"Sleep and trauma: an overview","volume":"26","author":"Caldwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Issues Mental Health Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0095","series-title":"Somatoform and other psychosomatic disorders: a dialogue between contemporary psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy perspectives","first-page":"61","article-title":"Negative affect and medically unexplained symptoms","author":"Constantinou","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12144","article-title":"Autonomic and subjective responsivity to emotional images in people with dissociative seizures","volume":"12","author":"Pick","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.03.018","article-title":"Emotion in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: responses to affective pictures","volume":"24","author":"Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2003.07.005","article-title":"Epilepsy and sleep disturbance","volume":"4","author":"Bazil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlson EB, Putnam FW. An update on the dissociative experiences scale. Dissociation: progress in the dissociative disorders 1993.","DOI":"10.1037\/t86316-000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3142","article-title":"Measuring sleep: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of wrist actigraphy compared to polysomnography","volume":"36","author":"Marino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1642","article-title":"The consensus sleep diary: standardizing prospective sleep self-monitoring","volume":"35","author":"Carney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1348\/147608302169535","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the State Scale of Dissociation (SSD)","volume":"75","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022106297301","article-title":"Development and validation of an internationally reliable short-form of the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS)","volume":"38","author":"Thompson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cross Cult Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22489","article-title":"Daily mindful responding mediates the effect of meditation practice on stress and mood: the role of practice duration and adherence","volume":"74","author":"Lacaille","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00860.x","article-title":"A comprehensive profile of clinical, psychiatric, and psychosocial characteristics of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"40","author":"Ettinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00296.x","article-title":"Acylated ghrelin: a potential marker for fibromyalgia?","volume":"17","author":"Homann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00237-9","article-title":"Use of actigraphy for monitoring sleep and activity levels in patients with fibromyalgia and depression","volume":"52","author":"Korszun","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.12.037","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures compared with epilepsy","volume":"56","author":"Diprose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3298","article-title":"Sleep health: can we define it? Does it matter?","volume":"37","author":"Buysse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30328-0","article-title":"The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis","volume":"4","author":"Freeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.03.027","article-title":"Medically unexplained symptoms in patients with PNES: Do they explain poor employment outcome in patients with good seizure outcomes?","volume":"59","author":"McKenzie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2019.1107","article-title":"Force obotIPT. The aetiology of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: risk factors and comorbidities","volume":"21","author":"Popkirov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5192","article-title":"Timed lighttherapy for sleep and daytime sleepiness associated with Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Videnovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107371","article-title":"Testing an app-based intervention to improve insomnia in patients with epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"112","author":"Ahorsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5658","article-title":"Subjective but not actigraphy-defined sleep predicts next-day fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome: a prospective daily diary study","volume":"39","author":"Russell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638008403802","article-title":"Changes in cognitive processing following short-term cumulative partial sleep deprivation and recovery oversleeping","volume":"2","author":"Herscovitch","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E890","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00301.2013","article-title":"Effects of recovery sleep after one work week of mild sleep restriction on interleukin-6 and cortisol secretion and daytime sleepiness and performance","volume":"305","author":"Pejovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867_b0220","article-title":"Modeling neurocognitive decline and recovery during repeated cycles of extended sleep and chronic sleep deficiency","volume":"40","author":"St. Hilaire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505021001013?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505021001013?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:38:49Z","timestamp":1761503929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505021001013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1525505021001013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evidence of objective sleep impairment in nonepileptic attack disorder: A naturalistic prospective controlled study using actigraphy and daily sleep diaries over six nights","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107867","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107867"}}