{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:55:38Z","timestamp":1787496938242,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Government of Japan Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T05:16:16Z","timestamp":1615526176000},"page":"107883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Carnitine supplementation prevents carnitine deficiency caused by pivalate-conjugated antibiotics in patients with epilepsy prescribed valproate"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2447-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihisa","family":"Okumura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Numoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Iwayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5363-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiteru","family":"Azuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Kurahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s005990050060","article-title":"Carnitine deficiency and hyperammonemia in children receiving valproic acid with and without other anticonvulsant drugs","volume":"29","author":"Verrotti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Clin Lab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2005.11.005","article-title":"Plasma free carnitine in epilepsy children, adolescents and young adults treated with old and new antiepileptic drugs with or without ketogenic diet","volume":"28","author":"Coppola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.04.002","article-title":"The risk of asymptomatic hyperammonemia in children with idiopathic epilepsy treated with valproate: relationship to blood carnitine status","volume":"86","author":"Hamed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1991.tb14963.x","article-title":"Ammonia and carnitine concentrations in children treated with sodium valproate compared with other anticonvulsant drugs","volume":"33","author":"Thom","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0025","first-page":"999","article-title":"The effect of valproic acid on plasma carnitine levels","volume":"145","author":"Opala","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808321060","article-title":"Serum and muscle carnitine levels in epileptic children receiving sodium valproate","volume":"24","author":"Anil","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2019.02.010","article-title":"Serum carnitine levels of children with epilepsy: Related factors including valproate","volume":"41","author":"Okumura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e739","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0339","article-title":"Carnitine-associated encephalopathy caused by long-term treatment with an antibiotic containing pivalic acid","volume":"120","author":"Makino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181fe3953","article-title":"Acute encephalopathy in a child with secondary carnitine deficiency due to pivalate-conjugated antibiotics","volume":"30","author":"Okumura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.02.080","article-title":"Clinical features of carnitine deficiency secondary to pivalate-conjugated antibiotic therapy","volume":"173","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.5.817","article-title":"Carnitine determination by an enzymatic cycling method with carnitine dehydrogenase","volume":"40","author":"Takahashi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.244.279","article-title":"Hypocarnitinemia observed in an infant treated with short-term administration of antibiotic containing pivalic acid","volume":"244","author":"Nakazaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505021001177?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505021001177?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:41:31Z","timestamp":1761504091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505021001177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["S1525505021001177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Carnitine supplementation prevents carnitine deficiency caused by pivalate-conjugated antibiotics in patients with epilepsy prescribed valproate","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.107883","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107883"}}