{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:43:53Z","timestamp":1761504233542,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008235","name":"University of Utah School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008235","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T00:04:44Z","timestamp":1625616284000},"page":"108065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["How much can medical management alone improve the outcome of adult drug-resistant epilepsy? An exploratory study on possibilities and limitations of combining multiple therapeutic actions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Ruggero","family":"Serafini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-017-0471-7","article-title":"Selecting rational drug combinations in epilepsy","volume":"31","author":"Abou-Khalil","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Aqeel S, Gershuni O, Al-Sabhan J, Hiligsmann M. Strategies for improving adherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in people with epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 22;10:CD008312.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008312.pub4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.05.036","article-title":"Dealing with the storm: An overview of seizure precipitants and spontaneous seizure worsening in drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"97","author":"Bartolini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01356.x","article-title":"Carbamazepine toxicity with lamotrigine: pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction?","volume":"39","author":"Besag","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16594","article-title":"Misperceptions on the chance of seizure freedom with antiseizure medications after two failed trials","volume":"61","author":"Blond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(96)01007-8","article-title":"Lamotrigine substitution study: evidence for synergism with sodium valproate? 105 Study Group","volume":"26","author":"Brodie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.01.004","article-title":"Combining antiepileptic drugs-Rational polytherapy","volume":"20","author":"Brodie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-017-0441-0","article-title":"Sodium channel blockers in the treatment of epilepsy","volume":"31","author":"Brodie","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3949","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy treated with established and new antiepileptic drugs: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13406","article-title":"Drug-resistant epilepsy in adults: Outcome trajectories after failure of two medications","volume":"57","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70075-9","article-title":"Prediction of seizure likelihood with a long-term, implanted seizure advisory system in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy: a first-in-man study","volume":"12","author":"Cook","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30038-3","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges in epilepsy: seizure under-reporting and seizure detection","volume":"17","author":"Elger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"year":"2012","series-title":"Seizure and epilepsy","author":"Engel","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0065"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13670","article-title":"Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology","volume":"58","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.08.032","article-title":"Sleep apnea and epilepsy: who's at risk?","volume":"25","author":"Foldvary-Schaefer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318203e9d1","article-title":"Quality improvement in neurology: AAN epilepsy quality measures: Report of the Quality Measurement and Reporting Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"76","author":"Fountain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"suppl 8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02238.x","article-title":"Rational polytherapy","volume":"50","author":"French","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.11.017","article-title":"Higher evening antiepileptic drug dose for nocturnal and early-morning seizures","volume":"20","author":"Guilhoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurumurthy R, Chanda K, GRK Sarma GRK. An evaluation of factors affecting adherence to antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy: a cross-sectional study. Singapore Med J 2017; 58:98\u2013102.","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2016022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30335-1","article-title":"Circadian rhythm and epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwan P, Arzimanoglu A, Berg AT, Brodie MJ, Hauser A, Mathern G, Moshe SL, Wiebe S, French J. Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc task force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies. Epilepsia 2010; 51:1069\u201377.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.05.013","article-title":"Seizure cluster: definition, prevalence, consequences, and management","volume":"68","author":"Jafarpour","year":"2019","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.05.031","article-title":"The consequences of refractory epilepsy and its treatment","volume":"37","author":"Laxer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3082362","article-title":"Rational polytherapy with antiepileptic drugs","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-016-1391-3","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with epilepsy: a meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12098","article-title":"Ketogenic diet for treatment of intractable epilepsy in adults: A meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malek N, Heath CA, Greene J. A review of medication adherence in people with epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:507\u2013515","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12703"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000323927.13250.54","article-title":"Treating obstructive sleep apnea in adults with epilepsy","volume":"71","author":"Malow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.808","article-title":"Effectiveness of antiepileptic drug combination therapy for partial-onset seizures based on mechanism of action","volume":"71","author":"Margolis","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-302085","article-title":"Treatment changes in a cohort of people with apparently drug-resistant epilepsy: an extended follow-up","volume":"83","author":"Neligan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.14581\/jer.19002","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug therapy in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0165","first-page":"366","article-title":"Le d\u00e9faut d\u2019observance th\u00e9rapeutique du patient souffrant d\u2019\u00e9pilepsie","volume":"65","author":"Rikir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Un probl\u00e8me fr\u00e9quent et complexe Rev Med Li\u00e8ge"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13709","article-title":"ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology","volume":"58","author":"Scheffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.107966","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of currently used antiseizure drugs","volume":"168","author":"Sills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"St. Louis EJ. Truly \u201crational\u201d polytherapy\u201d maximizing efficacy and minimizing drug interactions, drug load and adverse effects. Curr Neuropharmacol 2009; 7:96\u2013105.","DOI":"10.2174\/157015909788848929"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.08.012","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced epileptic seizures: mechanisms of action and clinical considerations","volume":"81","author":"Wanleenuwat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy &amp; Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505021002997?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505021002997?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:42:06Z","timestamp":1761504126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505021002997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S1525505021002997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1525-5050"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"How much can medical management alone improve the outcome of adult drug-resistant epilepsy? An exploratory study on possibilities and limitations of combining multiple therapeutic actions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108065","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108065"}}