{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:49:27Z","timestamp":1761504567857,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T12:28:09Z","timestamp":1622204889000},"page":"108073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Perampanel treatment in highly drug-resistant epilepsies including nonsurgical candidates and failed surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3136-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chusak","family":"Limotai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suda","family":"Jirasakuldej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02397.x","article-title":"Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"51","author":"Kwan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3949","article-title":"Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy treated with established and new antiepileptic drugs: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182563b19","article-title":"Patterns of treatment response in newly diagnosed epilepsy","volume":"78","author":"Brodie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02737.x","article-title":"A graded system to categorize drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"51","author":"Gomez-Alonso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.04.017","article-title":"Perampanel as adjunctive therapy in highly refractory epilepsies: Real-world data from an Italian tertiary care epilepsy centre","volume":"390","author":"Morano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.10.020","article-title":"A two-year retrospective evaluation of perampanel in patients with highly drug-resistant epilepsy and cognitive impairment","volume":"66","author":"Huber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.05.031","article-title":"The consequences of refractory epilepsy and its treatment","volume":"37","author":"Laxer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-1211(91)90057-M","article-title":"Seizure frequency, patient-perceived seizure severity and the psychosocial consequences of intractable epilepsy","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2012.04.012","article-title":"Quality of life and economic impact of refractory epilepsy in Spain: the ESPERA study","volume":"28","author":"Villanueva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2014.04.012","article-title":"Drug-resistant epilepsy: definition and treatment alternatives","volume":"30","author":"L\u00f3pez Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000710","article-title":"Identification and Treatment of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy","volume":"25","author":"Yoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000534","article-title":"Neurostimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: a systematic review of clinical evidence for efficacy, safety, contraindications and predictors for response","volume":"31","author":"Boon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0065","first-page":"Cd001903","article-title":"Ketogenic diets for drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"11","author":"Martin-McGill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12100","article-title":"Preclinical pharmacology of perampanel, a selective non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist","volume":"127","author":"Rogawski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12099","article-title":"AMPA receptors as a molecular target in epilepsy therapy","volume":"127","author":"Rogawski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228949","article-title":"The involvement of excitatory amino acids in neocortical epileptogenesis: NMDA and non-NMDA receptors","volume":"86","author":"Hwa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0091-9","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of perampanel in the treatment of partial-onset epilepsy","volume":"27","author":"Hsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.06.033","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of perampanel in children and adolescents with pharmacoresistant epilepsy: The first real-world evaluation in Asian pediatric neurology clinics","volume":"85","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17171","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017171","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of perampanel in adults with mesial temporal epilepsy: A single-center postmarketing study in Taiwan","volume":"98","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12112","article-title":"Epilepsy as a dynamic disease: a Bayesian model for differentiating seizure risk from natural variability","volume":"3","author":"Chiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006548","article-title":"Gauging seizure risk","volume":"91","author":"Baud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182635735","article-title":"Adjunctive perampanel for refractory partial-onset seizures: randomized phase III study 304","volume":"79","author":"French","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2012.03638.x","article-title":"Evaluation of adjunctive perampanel in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures: results of randomized global phase III study 305","volume":"54","author":"French","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318254473a","article-title":"Randomized phase III study 306: adjunctive perampanel for refractory partial-onset seizures","volume":"78","author":"Krauss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1056-7","article-title":"Surgery for extratemporal nonlesional epilepsy in children: a meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Ansari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4439","article-title":"Surgical treatment of nonlesional neocortical epilepsy: long-term longitudinal study","volume":"74","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl133","article-title":"Clinical characteristics in focal cortical dysplasia: a retrospective evaluation in a series of 120 patients","volume":"129","author":"Fauser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"s1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.461008.x","article-title":"Surgical outcome of epilepsy caused by cortical dysplasia","volume":"46","author":"Chung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh277","article-title":"Focal cortical dysplasias: surgical outcome in 67 patients in relation to histological subtypes and dual pathology","volume":"127","author":"Fauser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1546276","article-title":"Effectiveness and tolerability of perampanel in children and adolescents with refractory epilepsies: first experiences","volume":"46","author":"Bir\u00f3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13362","article-title":"Tolerability and efficacy of perampanel in children with refractory epilepsy","volume":"59","author":"Heyman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.12.024","article-title":"The efficacy of perampanel in young children with drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"75","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.08.001","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of perampanel as an adjunct therapy in refractory epilepsy from real-world experience","volume":"405","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.10.013","article-title":"Evaluation of perampanel in patients with intellectual disability and epilepsy","volume":"66","author":"Snoeijen-Schouwenaars","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.05.012","article-title":"Perampanel in the general population and in people with intellectual disability: differing responses","volume":"49","author":"Shankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebcr.2019.01.009","article-title":"Long term seizure freedom on perampanel in highly drug-resistant epilepsy caused by bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia: a case report","volume":"11","author":"Kiyose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav Case Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0185","first-page":"S45","article-title":"Epileptiform synchronization in the human dysplastic cortex","volume":"5","author":"Avoli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.04.019","article-title":"Perisylvian vulnerability to postencephalitic epilepsy","volume":"131","author":"Steriade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3575","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712390105","article-title":"Protection from fatal viral encephalomyelitis: AMPA receptor antagonists have a direct effect on the inflammatory response to infection","volume":"105","author":"Greene","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505021003073?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505021003073?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:44:20Z","timestamp":1761504260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505021003073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S1525505021003073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1525-5050"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Perampanel treatment in highly drug-resistant epilepsies including nonsurgical candidates and failed surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108073","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108073"}}