{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:36:02Z","timestamp":1789400162426,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","epilepsybehavior.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T07:48:12Z","timestamp":1644911292000},"page":"108606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Vigabatrin-associated brain abnormalities on MRI and other neurological symptoms in patients with West syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Reyes Valenzuela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustina","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Princich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Fassulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Semprino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Rugilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Pociecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustin","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto H.","family":"Caraballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x","article-title":"Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005\u20132009","volume":"51","author":"Berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.02404.x","article-title":"A proposal for case definitions and outcome measures in studies of infantile spasms and West syndrome: consensus statement of the West Delphi group","volume":"45","author":"Lux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1993.tb00445.x","article-title":"Ictal clinical electroencephalographic findings of spasms in West syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Fusco","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0020","first-page":"260","article-title":"Management of infantile spasms","volume":"4","author":"Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12460","article-title":"Treatment of infantile spasms with very high dose prednisolone before high dose adrenocorticotropic hormone","volume":"55","author":"Hussain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0139-5","article-title":"Recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of infantile spasms","volume":"28","author":"Riikonen","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02049.x","article-title":"Randomised, placebo-controlled study of vigabatrin as first-line treatment of infantile spasms","volume":"40","author":"Appleton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.17801.x","article-title":"Visual field constriction in 91 Finnish children treated with vigabatrin","volume":"43","author":"Vanhatalo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01728.x","article-title":"Cerebral MRI abnormalities associated with vigabatrin therapy","volume":"50","author":"Pearl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13712","article-title":"Risk of vigabatrin-associated brain abnormalities on MRI in the treatment of infantile spasms is dose-dependent","volume":"58","author":"Hussain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02564.x","article-title":"Vigabatrin-associated reversible MRI signal changes in patients with infantile spasms","volume":"51","author":"Dracopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01896.x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities associated with vigabatrin in patients with epilepsy","volume":"50","author":"Wheless","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12188","article-title":"An investigation into the relationship between vigabatrin, movement disorders, and brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in children with infantile spasms","volume":"55","author":"Fong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/019262338701500203","article-title":"A study of the effects of vigabatrin on the central nervous system and retina of Sprague Dawley and Lister-Hooded rats","volume":"15","author":"Butler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.10.1944","article-title":"MRI monitoring of vigabatrin induced intramyelinic edema in dogs","volume":"44","author":"Weiss","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2224","article-title":"Abnormal axial diffusivity in the deep gray nuclei and dorsal brain stem in infantile spasm treated with vigabatrin","volume":"32","author":"Simao","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02695.x","article-title":"The underlying etiology of infantile spasms (West syndrome): information from the United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study (UKISS) on contemporary causes and their classification","volume":"51","author":"Osborne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2020.1759423","article-title":"Treatment of infantile spasms: why do we know so little?","volume":"20","author":"Specchio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210011801","article-title":"Vigabatrin caused rapidly progressive deterioration in two cases with early myoclonic encephalopathy associated with nonketotic hyperglycinemia","volume":"21","author":"Tekgul","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0100","first-page":"7249237","article-title":"Vigabatrin-induced encephalopathy in a 5.5-month-old girl with infantile spasms due to tuberous sclerosis","volume":"2019","author":"Klinaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2020.1840356","article-title":"Vigabatrin-related adverse events for the treatment of epileptic spasms: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Biswas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17121","article-title":"Risk of vigabatrin-associated brain abnormalities on MRI: A retrospective and controlled study","volume":"63","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia."}],"container-title":["Epilepsy & Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505022000555?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1525505022000555?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T18:45:02Z","timestamp":1761504302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1525505022000555"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["S1525505022000555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606","relation":{},"ISSN":["1525-5050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1525-5050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Vigabatrin-associated brain abnormalities on MRI and other neurological symptoms in patients with West syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Epilepsy & Behavior","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2022.108606","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108606"}}